School of Technology and Social Sciences Research Collection

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A Critical Examination of the Peace and Security Strategies employed by Law Enforcement Agencies in Community Administration: The Case of the Zambia Police Service and the Drug Enforcement Commission in Ng’ombe and George Compounds in Lusaka, Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) WAKUNGUMA, Namatama
This study investigated the strategies employed by law enforcement agencies, specifically the Zambia Police Service (ZPS) and Drug Enforcement Commission (DEC), in addressing peace and security challenges in Ng'ombe and George compounds in Lusaka. Utilizing the case study research design, the study engaged a sample of 50 participants, with 25 individuals from each compound, selected through purposive sampling. The research focused on assessing the current strategies utilized by ZPS and DEC, exploring the effectiveness of community administration strategies in fostering peace and security, and identifying the challenges and limitations encountered by law enforcement agencies in implementing these strategies. The findings revealed multifaceted approaches employed by law enforcement, encompassing community policing initiatives, patrol and response mechanisms, intelligence-gathering, and drug control operations. Community administration initiatives emphasized engagement, awareness, and partnership-building, contributing to enhanced safety perceptions among residents. However, the study identified challenges such as resource constraints, trust deficits between law enforcement and communities, persistent criminal activities, procedural hurdles, lack of community engagement, and underlying socioeconomic factors that hampered effective implementation. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies, continued evaluation, community involvement, and resource allocation to improve security. The recommendations include strengthening community engagement, enhancing trust building measures, responsibly leveraging technology, adapting strategies to local contexts, allocating resources and training, continual evaluation, and promoting collaboration between community administration and law enforcement agencies. This study provides insights into the complexities of urban security and offers recommendations to enhance peace and security strategies in Ng'ombe and George compounds, contributing to safer and more resilient urban communities.
An Assessment Of Potential Negative Implications Of Transitioning To Solar Pv Energy On Solar Panels Waste Management At End Of Shelf Life In Lusaka
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MUTALE, Valentine Palangwa
The transition to solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is gaining traction as a sustainable solution to address energy challenges and reduce carbon emissions. However, as the adoption of solar PV energy expands, it is crucial to understand the implications of this transition on waste management practices for solar panels at the end of their shelf life. This research aimed to assess the potential impending negative implications of transitioning to solar PV energy on solar panels waste management at the end of their shelf life in Lusaka. The study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach and design, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Questionnaires and interviews were used to acquire data from experts in the field. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the data and disclose the experts' input. The results indicate a moderate level of solar PV adoption (59%) influenced by various factors, including the political environment (78% agreement, mean=3.97, std=0.98), economic situation (90% agreement, mean=4.42, std=0.79), technological advancement (78% agreement, mean=4.03, std=0.96), and climate change (82% agreement, mean=4.24, std=0.92). The study found that there is a significant lack of awareness among the general public regarding the proper handling and disposal of end-of-life (EoL) solar PV panels, with 87% of respondents lacking this knowledge. Additionally, there is a shortage of waste management infrastructure and recycling facilities that are equipped to handle the disposal of solar panel waste, as reported by 59% of respondents. The investigation revealed a lack of legislation or recommendations for the management of PV waste which has led to uncontrolled transportation and monitoring of solar PV waste within Lusaka and the other provinces. These findings led to the development of a proposed Strategic Framework for the management of solar PV waste in Lusaka, Zambia.
An Assessment Of Radio Programmes In Promoting Good Governance: A Case Of Radio Ichengelo Listeners In Kitwe
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MANJIMELA, Kapulu
This research report explores the impact of radio programs on good governance, focusing on Radio Ichengelo's listeners in Kitwe. Emphasizing the role of good governance in sustainable development, the study highlights radio as a potent medium for disseminating information and fostering civic participation. The primary objective is to assess how Radio Ichengelo's governance programs influence understanding, perceptions, and engagement with good governance principles among Kitwe's listeners, contributing to the discourse on the media's role in promoting good governance. Research questions focus on evaluating how Radio Ichengelo's programs leverage citizen engagement, participation in governance processes, transparency, and accountability through accurate information dissemination. Using a cross-sectional approach and qualitative methods like interviews and focus group discussions, the research gathers insights from a diverse sample of Radio Ichengelo's audience in Kitwe. Qualitative analysis extracts nuanced perspectives, emphasizing citizen engagement, empowerment, transparency, and impact on behaviour. Findings highlight the positive impact of Radio Ichengelo's governance programs, educating citizens, raising awareness, and empowering them to hold the government accountable. Key themes include the alignment between program content and audience expectations on good governance, providing a comprehensive view of the impact. Translating findings into actionable insights, recommendations target media practitioners, policymakers, and development organizations. Suggestions include content diversification, interactive formats, and tailored strategies to meet Kitwe's unique needs. Proposed strategies involve regular interactive sessions, mechanisms for citizen input in community dialogues, targeted civic education programs, collaboration with local institutions, and featuring an active panel of discussants for credibility. Inconclusion, this research contributes to understanding radio programs' role in promoting good governance. Radio Ichengelo's positive impact on citizen engagement, awareness, and empowerment underscores radio's potential as a tool for fostering civic participation.
An Assessment of the Effect of E-procurement on the Performance of Non-Governmental Organisations in Zambia: A Case Study of Catholic Relief Services
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MUTALE, Sandra
This study assessed the impact of e-procurement on the performance of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Zambia, with Catholic Relief Services (CRS) as the case study. The study was guided by the following objectives: to examine the relationship between e-procurement adoption and operational efficiency, to evaluate its impact on transparency and accountability, to assess its effect on cost savings, and to identify implementation challenges and propose solutions. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 85 CRS employees directly involved in procurement activities, yielding 73 valid responses (85.9% response rate). Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants to complement the quantitative findings. The results indicated that e-procurement significantly improved operational efficiency, with reduced paperwork, streamlined processes, and shorter procurement cycle times. Enhanced transparency and accountability were observed, evidenced by better audit trails, compliance with policies, and improved stakeholder confidence. Cost savings were also significant, including reductions in administrative costs and procurement transaction costs. However, challenges such as infrastructure limitations, inadequate training, and supplier readiness impeded optimal performance. Recommendations were provided to various stakeholders, including investing in capacity-building programs, enhancing ICT infrastructure, and fostering collaboration among NGOs to share best practices. This study’s findings contribute to the discourse on technology adoption in NGOs, emphasizing the transformative potential of e-procurement in improving organizational performance. The study recommends further research across multiple NGOs to validate the generalisability of these findings and suggests longitudinal studies to assess the long term impacts of e-procurement adoption. Keywords: e-procurement, operational efficiency, transparency, cost savings, technology adoption, procurement challenges, organizational performance
An assessment of the effect of Zambia’s immigration policy on the welfare of immigrants from Rwanda: The case of Mtendere compound in Lusaka
(University of Lusaka, 2025) HANG’ANDU Peacent
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Zambia's immigration policy on the welfare of Rwandese immigrants, with a particular focus on those residing in the Mtendere residential area, Lusaka. Given Zambia's history of hosting refugees, including Rwandese individuals, it is essential to understand the socio-economic challenges these immigrants face in relation to immigration policies. The study sought to explore their socio-economic status, community integration, access to essential services, and the effectiveness of immigration policies in addressing these issues. The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of Zambia’s immigration policy on the welfare of Rwandese immigrants in Mtendere. Specific objectives included examining the demographic profile and socio-economic status of the immigrants, assessing their level of integration within the community, evaluating the influence of immigration policies on access to services like education and employment, and identifying the challenges they face as a result of these policies. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data. A sample of 100 households was selected using stratified and purposive sampling from the target population of 1000 Rwandese immigrants in Mtendere. Data collection methods included face-to-face interviews, surveys, semi structured questionnaires, and focus group discussions. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data, while qualitative data was analyzed thematically to understand the lived experiences of the immigrants. The findings revealed that most Rwandese immigrants in Mtendere were young adults, many of whom worked in the informal sector, engaging in small businesses or casual labor. They faced several socio-economic challenges, including overcrowded living conditions and barriers to stable employment due to the non-recognition of foreign qualifications. While some had successfully integrated into the community many faced social isolation and limited participation in local activities The study identified several challenges linked to Zambia’s immigration policy, including delays in residence permits, limited access to essential services, and difficulty finding formal employment. These challenges were compounded by bureaucratic delays, discriminatory practices, and a lack of targeted support services. To improve the integration and welfare of Rwandese immigrants, the study recommended establishing community-based support centers offering multilingual assistance, legal aid, and vocational training programs. It also suggested streamlining and digitalizing immigration procedures, recognizing foreign qualifications, and promoting anti-discrimination measures. Furthermore, organizing community integration activities was recommended to reduce social isolation and foster mutual understanding between Rwandese immigrants and local Zambians. This research contributes to understanding the impact of immigration policy on the welfare of Rwandese immigrants and provides practical recommendations for improving their quality of life in Zambia. Key words: Immigration Policy, Rwandese Immigrants, Welfare, Community Integration
An Assessment of the Effectiveness of Small Scale Fish Farming in Improving Livelihoods of Small-Scale Farmers: A Case of Selected Households in Chinsali DistrictDISTRICT
(University of Lusaka, 2025) SABILA, Esther
Small-scale fish farming is an agriculture mechanism that helps to eradicate poverty among the poor especially in rural areas. The main objective of this study therefore was to assess the effectiveness of small-scale fish farming in improving the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in Chinsali District. The following were the research questions for the study: To what extent does small-scale fish farming improve employment provision in Chinsali District? To what level does small-scale fish farming lead to increased household income generation in Chinsali District? What is the contribution of small-scale fish farming in improving food security in Chinsali District? This investigation was accomplished through a mixed research approach involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. Questionnaires were prepared and administered to 55 small-scale farmers involved in fish farming in Chinsali District. In addition, data was obtained from four (4) government officers from the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock using semi-structured interviews in order to add expert views to the topic. The findings of the study were analysed using SPSS version 27 and thematic analysis. The results of the study showed that small-scale fish farming was making headways in improving the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in Chinsali District by making significant contributions to employment provision, income generation and food security. However, the results also showed that the benefits from small-scale fish farming were currently not adequate enough to fully improve the livelihood of small-scale farmers as the yields being attained from small-scale fish farming in the district were very minimal. Nevertheless, there is need for the Ministry of Fisheries and livestock to conduct rigorous national research on the impact of small-scale fish farming in Zambia. There is also need to provide training and funding to small scale fish farmers in Chinsali District in order to improve efficiency in fish production. In the long run, small-scale fish farming would significantly improve the livelihood of small-scale farmers in Zambia through employment provision, income generation and ensuring a sustained food security. Small-scale fish farming would also improve the image of the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MoFLS).
An Engendered Examination of the Impact of Loadshedding on Local Small Medium Enterprises: A Case of Chongwe District
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MULENJE, Mwendalubi
Load shedding has emerged as a critical challenge affecting SME operations in Zambia, with potentially differentiated impacts based on gender. While studies have documented general effects of power outages on business operations, limited understanding exists of how these impacts vary between male and female-owned enterprises, particularly in peri-urban contexts like Chongwe District. This study examined gender-differentiated impacts of load shedding on SMEs, focusing on revenue changes, investment patterns, coping strategies, and implementation barriers. Following a pragmatic paradigm, the study employed a convergent mixed-methods design, combining quantitative data from 293 SME owners with qualitative insights from key informants at ZESCO, Ministry of SMEs, and Chongwe Municipal Council. The findings revealed substantial disparities in how gender influences business responses to load shedding, with female-owned businesses experiencing 45% higher revenue losses during outages and only 20.1% maintaining generator systems compared to 33.8% of male-owned enterprises. Analysis of operational patterns showed female entrepreneurs facing 40% higher operational costs during outages, while demonstrating greater reliance on schedule flexibility as an adaptation strategy. Investment analysis indicated that female business owners achieved 23% lower returns on power solution investments, primarily due to limited access to technical support and financial resources. Qualitative findings highlighted systematic barriers in accessing support mechanisms, with female entrepreneurs showing 35% lower utilization rates of available programs. The study recommends establishing gender-responsive financing mechanisms for power solutions, developing targeted technical support programs for female entrepreneurs, and creating mentorship networks to enhance knowledge sharing about effective mitigation strategies. Policy interventions should address structural barriers limiting female entrepreneurs' access to resources and support systems during power interruptions, while local authorities should implement gender-sensitive scheduling for power outages and create dedicated power-reliability zones in areas with high concentrations of female-owned businesses. Key Terms: Load Shedding, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Gender-differentiated Impact, Business Resilience, Power Mitigation Strategies
An Evaluation of Peace and Security Measures in Combating Human Trafficking: A Case of Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) CHIRWA, Miriam
Human trafficking is a significant threat to the attainment of goals relating to sustainable development. This is because it promotes oppression and poverty of the trafficked, especially in a globalized world, with countries such as Zambia being noted to have become transit points for international traffickers in recent years. This study was conducted to evaluate the security and peace measures put in place to fight human trafficking by the Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security (MoHAIS) in Zambia. Specifically, the study looked at determining the challenges and weaknesses in the Ministry's current strategy being used to combat human trafficking, coordination between and among various government agencies and assessments of cooperation, other stake holders and NGOs working to inhibit human trafficking in Zambia, as well as making viable recommendations for policy and strategic changes to strengthen security and peace efforts to oppose human trafficking for the Ministry and its various key stakeholders. Based on Social Disorganization Theory (SDT), the research used an online survey which involved MoHAIS members of staff and those from other agencies that work in different areas to fight against the vice, as well as personnel such as human rights lawyers. A total of 53 respondents participated in the online survey, data was collected by document analysis of reports, press releases and other recent relevant publications (2019 to 2024) to attain the objectives of the study. Document analysis was done by involvement of 7 high quality documents case studies, specialized articles, reports and press releases to collaborate and enrich survey findings. Results of the research showed a need for sustainable financing, more collaborated efforts by both local and international partners, as well as creating clarity in supporting legislation. Amongst other recommendations, the study places emphasis on dedicated budget lines and training to enhance the already existing knowledge and skills of MoHAIS staff in AHT interventions, be implemented.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Disability- Inclusive Social Protection in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) KAIRA, Kelly Mahara
Social protection policies have evolved to encompass a broader spectrum of the population, with a growing emphasis on inclusivity and accessibility for PWDs. Despite the presence of social protection policies in Zambia, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their effectiveness in addressing the needs of PWDs. Key issues persist in terms of awareness, accessibility, implementation, and impact of these policies. As such the research objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of disability-inclusive social protection policies in Zambia. Specifically, the study sought to assess the awareness levels and accessibility of existing social protection programs among PWDs; examine the extent to which social protection policies address the unique needs and challenges faced by PWDs, and evaluate the impact of social protection policies on the economic empowerment and well-being of PWDs. The study employed the descriptive mixed-method research method as it aimed to describe and understand a phenomenon by combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Data collection was done by the use of structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. The study sample size selected through stratified random sampling was 80. The results of the study were analyzed through Microsoft excel. The key findings of the study found that awareness of such programs remains a significant challenge, with information dissemination heavily reliant on government officials and community events, while media, NGOs, and personal networks play a lesser role. While Zambia's social protection policies demonstrate promise in advancing the economic empowerment and well-being of PWDs, critical gaps in awareness, access, tailored support, and responsiveness hinder their full effectiveness. The study concluded that while Zambia's social protection policies have potential, their effectiveness is significantly hindered by low awareness, limited accessibility, and insufficient alignment with the diverse needs of PWDs. The recommendation therefore was that the Government needs to intensify awareness campaigns, utilizing diverse dissemination channels, and redesigning benefit packages to reflect the specific needs of PWDs. Keywords: Disability inclusion, Awareness, Accessibility, Economic empowerment
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Disability-Inclusive Social Protection Policies in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) KAIRA, Kelly
Social protection policies have evolved to encompass a broader spectrum of the population, with a growing emphasis on inclusivity and accessibility for PWDs. Despite the presence of social protection policies in Zambia, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their effectiveness in addressing the needs of PWDs. Key issues persist in terms of awareness, accessibility, implementation, and impact of these policies. As such the research objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of disability-inclusive social protection policies in Zambia. Specifically, the study sought to assess the awareness levels and accessibility of existing social protection programs among PWDs; examine the extent to which social protection policies address the unique needs and challenges faced by PWDs, and evaluate the impact of social protection policies on the economic empowerment and well-being of PWDs. The study employed the descriptive mixed-method research method as it aimed to describe and understand a phenomenon by combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Data collection was done by the use of structured questionnaires and Focus Group Discussions. The study sample size selected through stratified random sampling was 80. The results of the study were analyzed through Microsoft excel. The key findings of the study found that awareness of such programs remains a significant challenge, with information dissemination heavily reliant on government officials and community events, while media, NGOs, and personal networks play a lesser role. While Zambia's social protection policies demonstrate promise in advancing the economic empowerment and well-being of PWDs, critical gaps in awareness, access, tailored support, and responsiveness hinder their full effectiveness. The study concluded that while Zambia's social protection policies have potential, their effectiveness is significantly hindered by low awareness, limited accessibility, and insufficient alignment with the diverse needs of PWDs. The recommendation therefore was that the Government needs to intensify awareness campaigns, utilizing diverse dissemination channels, and redesigning benefit packages to reflect the specific needs of PWDs. Keywords: Disability inclusion, Awareness, Accessibility, Economic empowerment
An Examination of Municipal Services delivered to Low Cost Housing Areas: A Comparative Study of Mikomfwa Formal and Fisenge Informal Low Cost Housing Are in Luanshya Municipal Council
(University of Lusaka, 2025) PHIRI, Lucy
This comparative study examines the quality of municipal service delivery in Mikomfwa (formal) and Fisenge (informal) low-cost housing areas within Luanshya Municipal Council. The study aims to assess the types of municipal services provided, evaluate their adequacy, examine their accessibility, and determine residents’ satisfaction with these services in both areas. By comparing disparities in service delivery between formal and informal settlements, the study seeks to identify effective policy interventions that can enhance equitable urban governance and improve living conditions for residents in both contexts. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative research designs. The study adopted a descriptive and exploratory research design, using random sampling to select a representative sample of community members (respondents) and purposive sampling to select key informants, such as local authorities and community leaders with in-depth knowledge and experience. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview with both closed and open-ended questions allowing for a balanced analysis of both numerical trends and contextual insights. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative data was examined using thematic analysis. This combined approach enabled a comprehensive exploration of service delivery challenges in the study areas. The findings revealed significant disparities in municipal service provision between Mikomfwa and Fisenge. While formal settlements such as Mikomfwa receive relatively better services, including road maintenance, drainage systems, and emergency responses, informal settlements like Fisenge lack essential services such as waste management, consistent water supply, adequate drainage maintenance, and street lighting. The absence of structured service delivery mechanisms in Fisenge led to higher dissatisfaction among residents, as they face greater infrastructural and environmental challenges. The study further found that these disparities are exacerbated by systemic governance challenges, inequitable resource allocation, and a lack of community engagement in municipal decision-making processes. Residents in informal settlements reported limited consultation and participation in urban planning, which negatively impacts service provision and long-term infrastructure development. Based on the findings, the study recommends several policy interventions to improve service delivery in low-cost housing areas. These include formalizing informal settlements to facilitate structured service provision, ensuring equitable resource allocation, and strengthening community participation in urban governance. Furthermore, public-private partnerships should be leveraged to support government efforts in service provision, particularly in waste management and water supply. The study also highlights the importance of sustainable and inclusive governance models that prioritize marginalized communities.
An Interrogation of Former Ruling Parties' Declining Competitiveness after Power Loss in Munkulungwe Ward, Ndola: A Case of UNIP, MMD, PF
(University of Lusaka, 2025) KALENGA, Augustine
This study is aimed at interrogating the factors contributing to declining competitiveness of former ruling parties in their post power loss era, thereby contributing to strengthening good governance and democracy in Zambia as espoused by Chipenzi, (2019). The study seeks to achieve the following objectives: To identify the historical and contextual factors contributing to the initial rise of former ruling parties in Zambia, to analyse constituents' perception, preferences and primary reasons for shift of loyalty in Munkulungwe ward and finally to explore the leadership dynamics and internal wrangles and their impact on former ruling parties competitiveness . The study employed a mixed study approach for a comprehensive analysis as explained by George, (2023) and adopted a sequential explanatory design. Self-administered questionnaires; both structured and open ended were used to collect data. A special package for social sciences (SPSS) and thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive methods were used to analyse the data. The targeted study population was approximately 303 and a sample size of 61 subjects was arrived at using rule of thumb. Random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the subjects. The study revealed the existence of the problem in Munkulungwe ward of BwanaMkubwa constituency in Ndola district; that is declining competitiveness of former ruling parties after power loss. It further discovered that there are historical factors that contributed to the rise to fame of former political parties which have affected the political system in Zambia, (Chipenzi, 2019). Further the study found out that voters in Munkulungwe ward are influenced by many factors and that peoples’ vulnerability is attributed to failure of former ruling parties, causing shift of allegiance. In the study it has been brought out that the former ruling parties are affected by a number of leadership challenges such as factionalism, party dynamics (Kunda, (2017). The study therefore concludes that historical factors have largely affected the way the political system in Zambia operates and how the system is manipulated to disadvantage the opposition political parties largely due to constitutional powers of the executive. It further concludes peoples’ vulnerability causes shift of allegiance which diminishes former ruling parties’ competitiveness. The study equally concludes that as long as there is no change of leadership and party dynamics are primary reasons for loss of competitiveness of former ruling parties.
An Investigation into the effectiveness of the Community Resource Board (CRB) in Game Management : A Case of Chaiwa Game Management Area, Kafue District
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MUBANGA, Catherine
The purpose of this study, was to investigate the effectiveness of the Community Resource Board in Game management, the case of Chiawa Game management area, Kafue District. The study applied single method which was qualitative approach. Case study research design was used in this qualitative research because of the nature of the target population. The total sample size of the study was 40 determined by the principle of saturation. It applied criterion sampling method and purposive to capture the participants. Data was collected through interviews by utilizing semi-structured interview guides as tools for data collection. The raw data that was collected through semi-structured interview guide was analyzed using thematic analysis by following Braun and Clarke’ (2006) 6 step process. Two theories were used in this study, the theory of collective action and the theory common pool resource to guide the research. The research results revealed that the Chiawa CRB maintain transparency in its operations through regular meetings with the local community members which allows them to openly take part in decision-making processes. The results also revealed that the CRB work with the traditional leaders by informing them to call for meetings where Chiawa game management programs are shared with the local community members. It was also revealed that the CRBs call local community members regularly for activity planning concerning Chiawa game management area. The results indicates that through CRBs in Chiawa, the local community members are able to play their role towards game management, the government also play it’s role and the conservation provides the services needed by working together for the benefits of the future generation. The findings also revealed that the Chiawa CRBs engage the local community in wildlife monitoring which triggers the sense of ownership and responsibility among local people in Chiawa chiefdom. It was also revealed that the CRB has enhanced communication channels between the local community and other stakeholders. The findings also shows that the Chiawa CRB is involved in awareness trainings within the community to inform the local community members about the dangers of pouching and other bad activities. It also revealed that the Chiawa CRB as a link ensures that local community members take part in the decision-making related to wildlife management. It was concluded that therefore, the Chiawa CRBs has effectively managed Chiawa game area by acting as a link between community members and the management in Chiawa game area. It was recommended that therefore, the government to support the CRBs with financial support so that they can continue to conduct education, awareness and capacity building programs if sustainable game and wildlife management was to be achieved in Chiawa and Zambia in particular. In the future the study proposed to conduct a mixed method so that variables on this topic can be measured since this was a pure qualitative. Keyword: Effectiveness, Community Resource Board, Chiawa Game Management
An Investigation into theZambian Electoral Process and its Effect on Voting in 2016 and 2021: A Case of Mulenshi and Muchinka Wards in Mansa Central Constituency
(University of Lusaka, 2025) CHIPILI, Boyd
This paper is just an investigation on the electoral process and its effect on the 2016 and 2021 general elections. The electoral process is generally a series of activities taken in the election of representatives at different levels ranging from presidential to local government. It should be noted that the electoral process is an interpretation of the electoral system which has been put in place in the constitution. The gaps in the electoral process lead to some irregularities in the elections results. In 2016 Zambia amended the constitution in which some reforms were made in the electoral process. The electoral reforms of 2016 outline the entire electoral process from legal framework up to the resolving election related disputes. Notable among them reforms are the single member majoritarian system (50% plus 1 vote) in the election of the president, the introduction of the presidential running mate and the grade twelve certificate as the minimum qualification for any political office. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to examine how the amendment of the electoral system in 2016 affected civic and voter education in Mulenshi and Muchinka. To investigate how the amendment of the electoral system in 2016 affected the voter registration in Mulenshi and Muchinka, to analyse how the amendment of the electoral system in 2016 affected voter accessibility to campaign messages before elections in Mulenshi and Muchinka and to find out \xhow the amendment of the electoral system in 2016 affected the voters’ access to election results in Mulenshi and Muchinka. In this research, the researcher used a mixed method design of both quantitative and qualitative designs. This design is chosen because it enabled the researcher to collect detailed information, descriptions and explanations from the participants based on their knowledge and experiences. The findings of the study were that the 2016 electoral reforms improved the electoral process for both the 2016 and 2021 elections. The introduction of civic education at secondary school and the use of social media have greatly improved the access to the needed information. Therefore, it has been recommended that the ECZ should utilize the social media in all the stages of the electoral process.
An Investigation of the Effectiveness of Civil Society Organisations in Promoting Good Governance in Zambia: A Case Study of Selected Civil Society Organisations
(University of Lusaka, 2023) ZIMBA, H'lupekile
This study aimed to assess the Effectiveness of Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) in Promoting Good Governance in Zambia, with a primary focus on identifying governance issues addressed by CSOs and examining their activities in this regard. The central research problem addressed the perceived ineffectiveness of CSOs in promoting good governance in Zambia. The general objective was to explore the effectiveness of civil society organizations in promoting good governance in Zambia. Specific objectives included identifying governance issues addressed by CSOs in Zambia and examining the activities undertaken by CSOs to promote good governance in the country. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative methods, incorporating desk research, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaires. The research findings underscored the effectiveness of CSOs in fostering open, accountable, and responsible governance structures in Zambia. Through an extensive literature review and empirical survey, the study highlighted the pivotal role of CSOs as indispensable tools for promoting informed decision-making, transparency, and government accountability. The survey results revealed unanimous agreement among respondents on the significant impact of CSOs in promoting good governance. The versatility and adaptability of CSOs were evident, with respondents reporting diverse specializations such as human rights, peace-building, poverty reduction, gender equality, and conflict resolution. This diversity showcased the multifaceted nature of CSOs' work and their critical roles in addressing various aspects of governance. In summary, this study provided valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of CSOs' work, their diverse areas of specialization, and the critical roles they play in promoting informed decision-making, transparency, and government accountability in Zambia. The findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the effectiveness of CSOs in promoting good governance and emphasize their importance as agents of positive change in the Zambian context.
An Investigation Of The Role Of Cooperatives In Job Creation For Youths In Chipata District, Eastern Province.
(University of Lusaka, 2023) SAKALA, Sithembile
This study aimed to explore and analyze the extent to which cooperatives contribute to the creation of employment opportunities for youth in Chipata District. It employed qualitative research methods using interviews and focus group discussions and used a phenomenological research design to understand events by describing participants knowledge and experiences. The findings revealed that cooperatives of Chipata District were crucial in providing jobs and entrepreneurial opportunities for youths. The political and economic situation proved conducive enough for the cooperatives to develop and flourish in the study area. However, these cooperatives were not doing enough to create jobs for the youths in the wake of massive unemployment in the district. This underperforming was due to lack of established structures, operational plans, management problems, low participation of members due to inadequacy of cooperatives to address their needs and problems by their organization, inadequate capital, lack of technology and, infrastructure. Therefore, the study recommends the promotion of self-help (village banking) groups to enhance capital, promote partnerships among cooperatives, provide financial support for cooperative development that can be accessed by young people, government to provide a well-tailored curriculum on formation and management of cooperatives, promotion of synergy between Government, NGOs, and cooperatives as this enhances development and sustainability.
Assessing the challenges and policy Responses to Water Availability and Accessibility in Chipata Compound, Lusaka, Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) SIALUMBA, Nalucha
Water availability and accessibility remain critical challenges in peri-urban settlements, particularly in informal communities such as Chipata Compound, Lusaka. Limited water infrastructure, rapid population growth, and inconsistent policy implementation have created daily struggles for residents in accessing clean and reliable water. This study explores the lived experiences of water accessibility in Chipata Compound, focusing on infrastructure challenges, policy measures, and community water management practices. A qualitative case study approach was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 50 household respondents and 10 community leaders, along with key informant interviews with policy stakeholders. Additionally, field observations were conducted at 15 water points to document access patterns, infrastructure conditions, and social dynamics around water collection. Thematic analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns in residents’ experiences. Findings reveal that water access in Chipata Compound is highly fragmented, with residents relying on multiple unreliable sources, including communal kiosks, boreholes, and private vendors. Long queues, low water pressure, and frequent breakdowns disrupt daily routines, disproportionately affecting women and children, who bear the burden of water collection. Seasonal shortages intensify these struggles, forcing households to ration water or pay exorbitant prices to private vendors. Residents express frustration over poor infrastructure maintenance and a lack of community involvement in policy implementation. The study concludes that improving water accessibility requires a multi-faceted approach, including infrastructure investments, policy reforms, and enhanced community participation. Strengthening communication between policymakers and residents, recognizing community-led initiatives, and implementing targeted interventions are essential for sustainable improvements. Keywords: Water accessibility, peri-urban settlements, community water management, policy implementation, infrastructure development, Zambia
Assessing the Impact of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on Foreign Direct Investment Flows and Industrial Development in Zambia: A Case Study of the Manufacturing Industry in Lusaka City
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MUNGALA, Clinton
The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a transformative initiative aimed at creating a single continental market for goods and services across 54 African Union Member States. For Zambia, particularly in the manufacturing sector of Lusaka, AfCFTA presents significant opportunities for foreign direct investment (FDI) and industrial growth. However, the extent to which AfCFTA is influencing Zambia's manufacturing industry, especially in terms of competitiveness and FDI inflows, remains underexplored. This study adopts a qualitative approach to assess the impact of AfCFTA on Zambia’s industrial development and FDI flows, with a focus on Lusaka’s manufacturing sector. Specifically, it aims to analyze trends in FDI before and after AfCFTA, assess the competitiveness of local industries in Lusaka under the agreement, and evaluate the alignment of Zambia’s policy frameworks with AfCFTA’s goals. The research design is based on semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, complemented by the review of secondary data from policy documents and trade reports. The qualitative approach provides a nuanced understanding of the experiences and perspectives of stakeholders, capturing the complexities of Zambia’s manufacturing landscape. Data were analyzed thematically to identify key patterns and insights related to FDI trends, industrial competitiveness, and policy alignment. The findings reveal that AfCFTA has positively influenced FDI inflows into Zambia’s manufacturing sector, reversing prior declining trends. Lusaka’s local industries, particularly in agro-processing and textiles, have demonstrated resilience and adaptability in the face of increased regional competition. However, infrastructure deficiencies, high energy costs, and non-tariff barriers continue to challenge Zambia's ability to fully capitalize on AfCFTA’s benefits. The study concludes that while AfCFTA offers immense potential for Zambia’s industrial development, further efforts are needed to address infrastructure bottlenecks and reduce trade barriers. Key recommendations include investing in energy and transport infrastructure, supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and enhancing policy coherence to fully harness the opportunities presented by AfCFTA. By adopting a qualitative approach, this study provides a detailed exploration of the critical dynamics shaping Zambia’s manufacturing sector under AfCFTA.
Assessing the Quality of Childcare Services for Child Development in a Low-Income Lusaka Area
(University of Lusaka, 2025) KANGOMBE, Claire
The early years of a child’s life largely contribute to setting a tone for their quality of life in the future. Their growth and development is largely influences by the experiences in their early years. With the most rapid development taking place between the ages 0 to 5 years, it becomes important to ensure that children receive the best quality of care for their optimum development. The Nurturing Care Framework has served as a template to ensure the care of a child is comprehensive and attends to the five components namely, good nutrition, access to good health, opportunities for early learning, safety and security and responsive caregiving – which create a nurturing environment for their growth and development. However, with the coming of modern societal structures, there is a growing need for parents and guardians to outsource childcare services for children who may not be at the age to participate in formal schooling. Available childcare services in Zambia range from in-home, family based and center-based childcare with access being determined by varying factors. With increased attention being given to ensuring access to childcare the quality of the services being provided is not being attended to. This study aims to assess the quality of childcare services in low-income urban areas of Zambia, particularly in Kalingalinga as well as its effects on child development and the workforce participation of parents particularly women. Using a qualitative approach, the study utilized quantitative and qualitative data to identify the key characteristics of provided and accessed childcare services, analyze their effects on the holistic development of children as well as assess their influence on workforce participation. Analysis of the responses demonstrated that families in Kalingalinga utilize all forms of childcare for their children 0-6years with the majority utilizing in-home care followed by center-based care. These services were found to be lacking with regards to trained and qualified caregivers, appropriate child to caregiver ratio as well as availability of materials and resources to contribute to the holistic development of children. However, despite the shortfalls and challenges, the childcare services do positively influence/affect child development and contribute to participation of women in the workforce though quality and progression are determined by other factors outside of childcare services. Key words: quality childcare, child development and Kalingalinga
Assessing the Socioeconomic Factors affecting Subsistence Farmers Growth Potential: An Investigation in Kanakantapa, Chongwe District
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MBUMWAE, Lubasi
This study assessed socioeconomic factors affecting subsistence farmers' growth potential in Kanakantapa, Chongwe District. Despite agriculture's importance in Zambia's economy, subsistence farmers face persistent challenges in achieving growth, with limited understanding of how socioeconomic factors influence their development potential. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of existing agricultural policies, examine the role of social networks and community structures, and identify key socioeconomic factors affecting subsistence farmers' growth potential. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. A sample of 389 farmers was selected using Yamane's formula, with 329 valid responses analysed. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with key informants from the Ministry of Agriculture, District Council officials, and community leaders. Findings revealed gender disparities emerged in resource access, with female farmers reporting lower scores (mean = 2.88) than male farmers (mean = 3.15). Education levels significantly influenced farming success, with 31.3% lacking formal education. Ministry officials reported improved input access through FISP, though contribution requirements remained challenging for poorer farmers. Community leaders emphasized how limited officer coverage restricted extension service effectiveness, while District Council representatives highlighted the impact of infrastructure development through CDF on growth potential. The study recommends developing graduated input support systems based on farmers' resource capacity, strengthening farmer cooperatives through targeted capacity building, and establishing education programs specifically designed for farmers with limited formal education. Keywords: agricultural policies, social networks and community structures, socioeconomic, subsistence farmer, growth potential