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The Impact of Sovereign Debt Restructuring: An Insight into the Human Rights Perspective in Zambia
(2026) CHISOTI, Abigail
This thesis critically examines how Zambia’s sovereign debt restructuring process has influenced the realisation of fundamental human rights, focusing specifically on education adequate public services and health. This study situates Zambia’s experience within the framework of the G20 Common Framework for Debt treatments and IMF supported fiscal consolidation programmes. It analyses the extent to which austerity measures and social spending floors introduced under the Extended Credit Facility have shaped socioeconomic outcomes and the fulfilment of obligations under international human rights law, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The methodology of this research is as follows; this research was a qualitative mode of research as data was gotten from IMF country reports and reports by organisations such
as Debt Justice, Wemos and Action Aid, statutes, international treaties, internet sources, journals and articles and case law. The study concludes that Zambia’s restructuring experience exposes critical deficiencies in the global debt governance framework, notably its prioritisation of creditor interests over developmental and human rights imperatives. It recommends integrating human rights impact assessments into debt sustainability analyses enforcing transparency and comparability among creditors and strengthening domestic fiscal governance to align debt management with the progressive realisation of human rights. This dissertation thereby contributes to ongoing discourse on reforming sovereign debt mechanisms to advance equity, accountability and human dignity in African debt management.
The Adequacy and Appropriateness of the Legal Framework Governing Internet of Things and Internet of Beings in Zambia
(2026) MWAPULE, Abigail M N
This study examines the adequacy and appropriateness of Zambia’s legal framework governing the Internet of Things (IoT) and the Internet of Beings (IoB). These emerging technologies connect devices and even living beings, creating new opportunities for innovation but also serious legal and ethical challenges. While Zambia has enacted the Data Protection Act of 2021 and the Cyber Security Act, these laws do not adequately address the unique risks that IoT and IoB present, such as violations of privacy, dignity, and bodily autonomy. The research finds that Zambia’s current legal framework protects traditional rights but lacks clear rules on the collection, use, and sharing of sensitive biological and neurological data. Through a comparative analysis, the study draws lessons from the United Kingdom and Kenya, both of which have developed stronger systems for regulating data protection and digital technologies. The UK’s Product Security and Telecommunications Infrastructure Act 2022 and Kenya’s Data Protection Act 2019 demonstrate how privacy-by-design and active enforcement can safeguard citizens in the digital age. The findings reveal that Zambia needs to strengthen its laws to include explicit protection for biological and mental data, define key terms like “personal use” and “legitimate interest,” and empower enforcement agencies. The study concludes that without these reforms, IoT and IoB technologies could threaten constitutional rights such as privacy, dignity, and freedom of thought. It recommends legal amendments, stronger oversight institutions, and clear penalties to ensure technology serves people without undermining their rights.
Taxation Relief: A Comparative Study between Zambia and South Africa
(2026) NANKAMBA, Abigail
This research examined the legal fraternity governing tax relief in Zambia, with comparative insights drawn from South Africa and the United Kingdom. It investigated Zambia’s income tax laws. The Tax Administration Act, and other governing Laws, determining their effectiveness in protecting taxpayer rights, advancing compliance, and promoting socio-economic development. The research expands on substantive and procedural contents of DTAs, furthermore
allocation of taxing rights, exemption and credit methods, dispute resolution through consensus Agreement Procedure (MAP), and non abusive measures, demonstrating their importance for Zambia’s territorial. tax obligations. The dissertation foresaw the essence of constitutional supremacy, judicial alignment, and administrative fairness in ensuring just and lawful tax relief. Drawing comparative lessons enforcing a clear legislative framework, autonomous tax administration, and international standards to enhance revenue diversity, harmonize double taxation, and champion taxpayer confidence. The findings allude that Zambia can strengthen its tax policies or legal framework by sufficiently improve legislative clarity, institutional alignment to legal reform, treaty implementation, and judicial oversight.
A Critical Analysis of the Relevance and Appropriateness of Part IV of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) Act No 15 of 2009
(2026) SAMBOKO, Audrey
This dissertation critically analyses the relevance and appropriateness of part IV of the ICT Act no 15 of 2009, the rules that govern radio licensing. Act no 15 of 2009 was meant to streamline the laws around ICT services, but Part IV still holds on to old rules from the 1994 Radiocommunications Act which it replaced. The idea of a "Radio License" is outdated and does not reflect what the Zambia Information and Communications Technology Authority (ZICTA) does such as issuance of Network Licenses, Service Licenses and allocations of limited resources. The provisions of part IV have led to confusion, legal gray areas and practical headaches for everyone involved, which weakens how well the ICT sector is managed overall. The research begins by delving into the concepts behind ICT regulation, such as public interest theory, responsive regulation, and digital constitutionalism, and then explains how Zambia's system fits into those frameworks. It then examines the structure of ICT in Zambia, from institutions to regulations, with a focus on how ZICTA's role has expanded and the industry has evolved from a single provider to a more open market with several
participants. The inquiry reveals major gaps between what is specified in the statute and how things work, particularly in terms of licensing, enforcement, and operator certification. To put things into context, the dissertation draws on the experiences of neighbouring countries including Kenya, Ghana, Namibia, and Tanzania, as well as broader principles like the African Union's Digital Transformation Strategy and the SADC Model ICT Policy and Law. These examples show how other governments have adopted flexible, tech agnostic licensing arrangements that promote innovative ideas, the integration of digital technology, and more open markets. The study also integrates real-world data and practitioner comments to show what happens when these old ideas are followed. In the end, the dissertation calls for repelling of Part IV entirely and switching to a single, modern licensing system that's neutral on technology and lines up with global standards. It pushes for ongoing law updates, input from all stakeholders and syncing up with regional and international norms. By tackling this old legislation and pushing for fresh regulations, the work adds to the conversation on reforming Zambia's ICT sector and helps the country aim for a strong, accessible digital economy that sparks innovation.
An Analysis of Human Rights Implications of Disciplinary Procedures in the Zambian Defence Force: Lessons from Kenya
(2026) MUTALE, Chanda
This paper examines the human rights implications associated with the operations, governance and institutional culture of the Zambian Defence Force. As a key instrument of National security, the Zambia Defence Force plays a critical role in maintaining peace, safeguarding territorial integrity and supporting civil authorities. However, its mandate also intersects with a range of human rights considerations including the protection of civilian populations, the treatment of military personnel and adherence to the international humanitarian and human rights law. The study explores challenges such as limited oversight mechanisms, risks of excessive use of force during internal deployments, gaps in training on human rights standards and issues related to gender equality, disciplinary practices and the rights of military personnel within the institution. The study further evaluates positive developments including Zambia’s commitment to
regional and international treaties, ongoing professionalization efforts and integration of human rights modules in military training. The analysis highlights the need for strengthened accountability structures, enhanced transparency and continued capacity building to ensure the Zambia Defence Force effectively balances national security imperatives with the protection and promotion of human rights. This paper concludes that sustained reforms and robust civil -military cooperation are essential to aligning defence operations with Zambia’s constitutional and international.