Undergraduate Research Collection

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Voluntary Liquidation of Zambian Financial Service Providers and Depositor Protection: Comparative Study with Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa
(2017) CHINYAMA, Arnold
Financial services providers are, by their nature, special due to a unique role they play in the economy of any country through financial intermediary. Consequently, they are subject to a distinct set of rules that may not apply to ordinary entities. The special status of financial services providers is widely recognized. Financial service providers play a key role in financial stability in respect of the financial system and the economy as a whole. Growth of financial services industry has led financial services provider to become too big and too interconnected and in terms of supervisory authorities too important for financial stability.2 Further, the intensification of the linkages between banks through interbank payments and interbank deposits has greatly expanded the scope of financial shocks.
Voluntary Liquidation of Zambian Financial Service Providers and Depositor Protection: Comparative Study with Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa
(The University of Lusaka, 2017) CHINYAMA, Arnold
Financial services providers are, by their nature, special due to a unique role they play in the economy of any country through financial intermediary. Consequently, they are subject to a distinct set of rules that may not apply to ordinary entities. The special status of financial services providers is widely recognized. Financial service providers play a key role in financial stability in respect of the financial system and the economy as a whole. Growth of financial services industry has led financial services provider to become too big and too interconnected and in terms of supervisory authorities too important for financial stability. Further, the intensification of the linkages between banks through interbank payments and interbank deposits has greatly expanded the scope of financial shocks.
Assessing Factors Influencing Utilization of HIV Post Exposure Prophylaxis among Health Care Workers at Matero General Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
(2020) MUTONDO, Monica
HIV is an infectious disease and occupational injuries or exposure of healthcare workers to this deadly virus threaten the functionality of health systems, especially in developing countries such as Zambia, which ranks among the top countries with high HIV prevalence. in Sub Saharan Africa with a prevalence of 3.4 million. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as a result of occupational exposure during the treatment of infected patients. Exposure differs by occupation, based on factors such as frequency of handling specific devices, time spent in patient care or sample handling, and use of specific standard precautions, in particular never recapping needles. Underreporting of this exposure is common, therefore, it was important to evaluate the factors that influence the use of post-exposure prophylaxis among health professionals as a way to improve the health status not only of health professionals, but also of patients. This study was to assess the factors influencing utilization of HIV post exposure prophylaxis among health care workers at Matero general hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. The study used an analytical cross-sectional approach that made use questionnaires with all categorizes of health care workers available at Matero level one hospital. Participants in the study were selected using purposive and criterion sampling and the data was analyzed using STATA version 14 and presented in tables, pie charts and graphs. The study found that all the variables tested where well known by the health care workers as factors that influence the utilization of PEP. There where knowledge (86%), attitude (89%) and practice at (85%). The findings also revealed that these variables where statistically significant in influencing the utilization of PEP among health care workers with a P<0.05. Participants were aware of the existence of the PEP for HIV and were familiar with the program. Although the participants were well informed, they showed inadequate practices regarding PEP for HIV, therefore, this should be seized and treated as an opportunity to improve PEP practices among health workers. This indicates that there is a need to improve preventive measures among health professionals.
Effects of Solid Waste Management in Mtendere Compound
(2021) PEELE, Stephanie
This study sought to assess the effects of poor solid waste management in Mtendere compound. In order to achieve this research, objectives included; to identify the health and environmental effects of poor solid waste management & determine the factors contributing to poor state of waste management. This research relied on qualitative methods and collected data from a random sample of 12 residents from the study area using questionnaires. It was found that the environment in the study area has been highly polluted with solid wastes from poor disposal practices. With regard to waste collection, private firms have been helping the compound, collecting waste at least once or twice a week at affordable fee. The study concluded that commercial businesses and households should have storage containers: establish land for use as dumpsites while engaging community participation in promoting proper waste management. The study recommended policies relating to solid waste collection and disposal in the area, reducing solid waste through waste management value chain and establishment of properly constructed landfills site at a suitable location.
Solid Waste Disposal and Management Practices in the Central Business District Of Lusaka, Zambia
(2021) CHIBESA, Robert
The study assessed how solid waste is managed and disposed off by the local authorities. The study also looked at the effects or diseases that may arise due to the improper management and disposal of solid waste in the central business district of Lusaka. The method used was the case study and the study population was selected using the simple random sampling technique. The results show that the study population has knowledge on how solid waste is managed and disposed off. Also revealed is that local authorities face a lot of challenges due to lack of resources for the proper implementation of improved solid waste management and disposal practices. The study concludes that there is need to sensitize the general public on the importance of proper solid waste management and disposal practices and for production companies to take responsibility of their waste products and disposal methods.
The Effectiveness of the Exclusionary Rules of Evidence in Upholding Fundamental Human Rights
(2021) CHILUBA, Chilando Reuel
In Zambia, the General rules surrounding the admissibility of evidence are considered to be a settled matter, in that, should the evidence in question be relevant and carry with it sufficient weight, it will be rendered admissible and as such, the Judge can rely on or consider such evidence so as to render judgment in a particular matter, be it a matter emanating from the civil or criminal jurisdictions. Common law principles regulating the admissibility of evidence have however placed restrictions on the use of certain pieces of evidence. In accordance with the decision rendered in the case of R v Sang, “evidence will be admitted by the courts where the probative value of the evidence outweighs its prejudicial effect.” Thus, evidence that may lead to an injustice during trial is precluded from being disclosed as it poses a threat to fairness during court room proceedings.
Understanding and Describing How E-Waste Is Being Managed At Mtendere Market
(2021) NYIRENDA, Christine
The study aim was to understand and describe how e-waste is being managed at Mtendere market. The method used was cross sectional qualitative study approach, data was collected through semi structured interview guides and was analysed through themes and coding. The findings reveal that (23.8%) had not attended any level of education, (42.9%) at least made it to primary school and the rest (33.3%) attained secondary education. However, most of the participants (86.4%) had no knowledge on e-waste management despite their education background. Also revealed is that participants (86%) were not aware of the existence of electronic waste, only (14%) had an idea on what e-waste was with most of them generally treating everything as cabbage. The study concludes that participants were not aware of the existence of e-waste and that social factors like education and knowledge played a part in the management of e-waste. The study recommends sensitization programs in local communities aimed at reducing or eliminating mismanagement of e-waste
Factors that cause Late Detection of Breast and Cervical Cancer among Women in Zambia: An Inestigative Cross-sectional Study conducted at The Cancer Diseases Hospital
(2021) MALEYA, Victoria Maambo
INTRODUCTION: Malignant growth is without a doubt one of the most widely recognized happening and driving non-transferable sicknesses. It dates as far back as 3000 BC when the primary malignant growth like illness was first announced in antiquated Egypt. In the year 2020, it was accounted for by the World Health Organization that an expected number of 2.3 million ladies were determined to have bosom disease and 685,000 deaths were accounted for universally. As of the year's end 2020, there were 7.8 million ladies alive who were determined to have bosom disease in the beyond 5 years, making it the most pervasive malignant growth. Worldwide, cervical disease is the fourth most successive malignant growth in ladies with a gauge of 570,000 new cases in 2018 representing 7.5 percent of all female disease deaths. On a worldwide scale, Zambia is assessed to have the second most elevated disease rates on the planet. This is credited to unfortunate admittance to screening administrations, portrayed by high death paces of cervical malignant growth at 58.0 and 36.2 per 100,000 ladies, separately. Thus, bosom and cervical disease has turned into a worldwide weight and one of the main sources of deaths among ladies in the Sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: This study employed the qualitative approach method and used an investigative cross sectional study design to analyze a data saturation sample of 33 respondents. The respondents were selected through a purposive sampling procedure of data saturation method, the data was collected through interview using an interview guide and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis table. RESULTS: In this study, it was found that low levels of awareness and knowledge was the leading cause of late detection of cervical cancer and cancer of the breast among women in Zambia as the majority of the participants stated that they had little or knowledge on breast and/or cervical cancer. Source of information to be a contributing factor to women presenting with late presentation of cancer. In addition, it was also found from the majority that the perception and alternative medical preference by women are among the contributing factors causing women to present with late staged cancer when they go to the health facilities. CONCLUSION: In general, the inadequacy of knowledge and low awareness, cultural factors, socio economic status among others have continued to be important measures to determining the late detection of both cervical and breast cancer.
An exploration of factors leading to improper electrical waste disposal in Matero, Lusaka Province
(2022) PEREIRA, Owen
E-waste refers to electrical/Electronic gadgets that are discarded or no longer of use by the purchaser (Sansa-Otim et al. 2012). The rapid climb in electronic and IT trade has increased the volumes of e-waste in Zambia. In most urban areas, “due to uncertainty of the ways to treat e-waste, when electronic products reach their end life, electronic junks lie unattended in shops, offices, homes, etc and is commonly mixed with family waste, that is finally disposed of at waste disposal points which may be hazardous as the e-waste is not sorted and separated.” In this context, the research aims to explore the factors that lead to improper disposal of e-waste in Matero. The study utilized a qualitative approach and made use of a cross-sectional study design, data was collected through interview guides and was analyzed through themes and coding. The sample size was 31 and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data collected was analyzed thematically (Thematic analysis). It was found that (6%) had attended primary education, (65%) had attended secondary education and (29%) attained tertiary education. Despite majority attaining some level of education, majority of the participants had little or no knowledge on e-waste management. Knowledge on e-waste was highly dependent on the level of education. The study also revealed that most participants were not aware about e-waste, whereas only a few had an idea on what e-waste was and social factors such as knowledge and education played a pivotal role in management of e-waste as most participants did not know what e-waste was, as e-waste was treated like any other waste. Furthermore, most participants stated that economic factors such as income and infrastructure influenced the management of e-waste, as it was highlighted that the indiscriminate disposal of e-waste is because of the lack of adequate infrastructure and that income is the reason why there is more e-waste in the area and people don't mind the management of e-waste because they know less about its effects as they are only trying to earn a living by dealing with it. Lastly it was noted that personal factors such as attitudes tend to influence the behaviour and practice of waste management in Matero. The study concluded that social, economic, and personal factors do indeed play a pivotal role in influencing the proper management of e-waste in Matero.
The Impact of an Integrated Vector Management Approach in Malaria Reduction: A Case Study of Mangelengele Village of Luangwa District, Zambia
(2022) NKOTASHI, Mahlon
Malaria is a major public health challenge and one of the leading causes of maternal and child deaths particularly in Africa. Globally, 229 million cases of malaria occurred in 2019 and the disease resulted in 409,000 deaths (WHO, 2019). According to the World Health Organization report (2020) an estimate of 94% of all malaria deaths occurred in Africa and 67% (274,000) of these deaths occurred in children under five. The method used was cross sectional research design, which took a qualitative approach. Purposive sampling technique was employed to select 30 community members of Mangelengele village. The interview guide was used to collect data. The findings revealed that the combined use of Long-lasting Insecticide Treated Net contributed to Malaria reduction in Mangelengele village. The knowledge levels by respondents was found to be high and utilization levels of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets were high, even though they were low in some households due to inadequate number received during the distribution time. Therefore, there is a gap between distribution of Long-Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets and its utilization. The conclusion is that the simple act of co-application of larviciding, sleeping under a long-lasting insecticide treated net and having a house sprayed against mosquitoes reduced the incidence of Malaria in Mangelengele and can reduce this disease burden globally significantly.
Comparative Study on The Healthcare Seeking Practices of Insured and Uninsured Residents of Lusaka
(2022) TEMBO, Chiteau
Health insurance is a type of insurance that covers medical expenses that arise due to an illness. These costs can be related to hospitalization costs, costs of medicines or doctor consultation fees. Due to differences in seeking practices it has led to health seeking disparities among citizens that are medically insured and those that are not especially in the effort of Zambia is trying to achieve health for all by 2030. This study aimed to understand the differences in patients seeking health care services, and also ascertain if there were differences in health seeking practices between medically health insured personals and non-medically insured persons. In addition, to determine whether moral hazard is present among medically insured personals and if moral hazard is present from the health facility when somebody is medically insured. A descriptive analytical study was conducted among 116 participants who sought medical care from south point hospital. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire and was analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) and association of factors was tested using the chi-square test at 5% significance level. The results showed minimal differences in the health seeking behaviour among the insured and uninsured residents of Lusaka. The results also revealed that the number of visits to health facility was associated to the presence of insurance (p=0.003). In conclusion, outcomes of this study have shown that people who are covered by medical insurance make more frequent visits to the health facilities than those without medical insurance. In addition, there is a significant association between frequency of visits to the hospital among the insured and uninsured participants.
Factors Influencing the Acceptability of ISONIAZID Preventative Therapy among Healthcare Workers at Kabwata Health Centre
(2022) MIYANDA, Memory Abigail
Tuberculosis (TB) is classified as an occupational illness, and health care workers (HCWs) are among the most vulnerable populations to contracting the disease due to its transmission mechanism in a healthcare setting. The health facility serving as a source of infection for HCWs produces a deadly TB infection cycle that spreads throughout the community. Isoniazid (INH) preventive therapy (IPT) is recognized as an important component of TB infection control activities. INH therapy of latent TB infection has been shown to reduce the incidence of active TB by >60%, where adherence could be guaranteed. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) among HCWs has not been fully utilised hence very little research has been conducted around it. Therefore, this study helped explore information on the Factors Influencing the Acceptability of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy among Healthcare Workers at Kabwata Health Centre so as to improve IPT uptake. The study was guided by the use of a cross sectional study approach. A descriptive and study was used. Primary data was collected through actual field research using questionnaires that were distributed to the respondents. Data was coded manually into themes through the use of content analysis. The study comprised 30 participants, which include Clinical Officers, Nurses and treatment supporters from chest clinic at Kabwata Health Centre. All the 30 respondents that were interviewed had knowledge about IPT and that it did not influence acceptability. 90% of the HCWs interviewed reported that IPT duration influenced their acceptability of the treatment pointing out that the treatment duration was too long to endure through. Furthermore, reported side effects negatively influence acceptability such as fear of organ damage secondary to INZ administration. Isoniazid preventive therapy is effective and reduces the occurrence of tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals significantly. However, its use in the prevention of tuberculosis among HCWs in this health facility is extremely poor. An adequate supply of isoniazid, as well as increased awareness among health care providers who are occupationally exposed to tuberculosis, will improve IPT uptake. As well as creating awareness and policies supporting IPT administration to the first line health workers. Effective and on-going adherence counselling for eligible clients, will aid in lowering the rate of IPT defaulters.
Factors Associated with Alcohol Consumption among students at Lewanika School of Nursing
(2022) MUBITA, Anthony
Introduction: Alcohol is a common addictive beverage that is mostly consumed in society. The high levels of alcohol consumption have not just centered among the aged, but also among the adolescents. Research findings across the globe have revealed that a sharp increase in alcohol consumption has been identified among students in learning institutions; hence this study was carried out to investigate the factors that were associated with alcohol consumption among students -at Lewanika. The specific objectives of the study assessed how psychological, personal, and socio economic factors were influencing alcohol consumption among students at Lewanika school of nursing. Method: The study was carried out at Lewanika school of nursing using a cross-sectional study approach and the target population were only students that consumed alcohol. Data saturation point was used to arrive to the sample size of 30 students and participants were randomly selected. The snowball sampling technique was utilized in identifying other students who consumed alcohol. Findings: The study revealed that psychological factors such as mood and stress caused school pressure, disappointments, and excitement which influenced the students to consume alcohol. The findings also revealed that alcohol was consumed by students with the motive of coping with the stress they experienced. Personal factors such as peer pressure and age were also identified as contributing factors influencing students to consume alcohol. Some of the students stated that they consumed alcohol because they felt they were old enough, while other students claimed that peer pressure was behind their alcohol consumption behavior. Furthermore, socio-economic factors such as high-income level and having a family that consumes alcohol were also contributing to alcohol consumption among students. The findings further revealed that lack of awareness of alcohol consumption from the families also contributed to alcohol consumption behaviors among students at Lewanika school of nursing. Conclusion: The psychological, personal and socio-economic factors had a huge impact on the prevalence of alcohol consumption among students at Lewanika school nursing, and appropriate mitigation measures that could help reduce the public health problem included implementing good policies and carrying out more research studies. Keywords: alcohol consumption, students in higher learning institutions, factors associated with alcohol consumption.
Factors leading to Under Utilisation of Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) among Women at Central Clinic in Mansa
(2022) CHIKAPULO, Frank
The Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) is one of the safest and most cost effective contraceptive available in the world. It is more effective than female sterilization, injectable, and implants in pregnancy prevention. Despite this, only (14%) of married women use this device worldwide. In Africa, however, only (1%) of women use the intra-uterine contraceptive device, a rate considered the lowest in the world. This area of practice is much neglected in Africa, as evidenced in the limited publication on the same. Hence, this study examined the factors leading to underutilization of intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDS) among women at Central clinic in Mansa. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data was collected from 276 family planning clients using structured questionnaires administered by trained interviewers. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences research version 20.0. The following were the results of the study in terms of knowledge and use; Oral contraceptives 19.2 %, Injectable (45.7 %,) Implants (24.6%) IUCDs stood at (10.1 %) and condom as a means of family planning method was (0.4%). The myths and misconception established in the study included; the highest (38%) of the respondents cited Cancer as a reason for not choosing the IUCDs, (24%) said it causes infertility and (16%) said it causes abortions while (22%) didn’t know. There is need to empower family planning clients with information regarding the availability, and benefits of intra-uterine contraceptive device in order to increase the utilization of this method. As a result, upcoming researchers who have interest in this topic should extend the research to cover a wider sample size, involve more clinics in Mansa and other Districts and use qualitative and quantitative research approach to have deeper understanding of this topic and establish the relationship that exist between the identified factors and underutilization of IUCDs using Pearson Model of correlation.The future research can be conducted on a large area including many facilities in other districts of Luapula Province.
Attitudes, Knowledge and Perceptions of people in Rural Areas about the Transmission and Prevention of COVID-19: A Case Study on residents in Kaoma Western Province
(2022) MBAZIMA, Daniel
The modern world of medicine has over the past couple of decades witnessed and experienced significant changes in combating various diseases that have since threatened the health and wellbeing of the world’s population. Despite these triumphs, a new threat to the health of the global community emerged in late 2019 in the city of Wuhan China. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) which is a respiratory infection caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 has made a name for itself as a universal health threat due to its rapid geographical spread since its discovery (WHO 2019). As of March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it to be a pandemic and has since worked with various governing health bodies worldwide to create several vaccines to combat the spread of the virus. A year later, COVID-19 has caused nearly 113 million confirmed cases and over 2.5 million deaths (Li, Y, et al, 2021). Objectives of the study were; to investigate and assess the attitudes, knowledge and perceptions residents in Kaoma area of Western Province have about the transmission and prevention of Covid-19, to assess the level of understanding residents have of what COVID-19 is and the manner in which it is transmitted and prevented, to evaluate the approaches the council and health personnel have taken towards educating the residents about the dangers of COVID-19, its transmission and prevention measures and to investigate the various measures that residents in Kaoma are putting to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in their communities. A qualitative study design was used to collect all necessary data through the use of in-depth interviews and a total of 20 respondents were interviewed on their attitudes, knowledge and perceptions about the transmission and prevention of Covid-19.
Barriers to Accessing Health Care Services for people Living with Disability in Bauleni Compound
(2022) MUTSVAKIWA, Divine
Background: Inequalities are evident in the differences in health outcomes of various sub-groups within the communities. One of those groups is the world’s largest minority group, people living with disabilities. When it comes to accessing health care services, people living with disabilities are two times less likely to find the providers’ skills and equipment adequate, three times more likely to be denied care and four times more likely to be treated badly in health care systems. General Objective: To identify the barriers to accessing health care services among people living with disabilities in Bauleni compound of Lusaka. Methodology: A qualitative phenomenological study design was used in this study. Persons with physical disabilities who are eighteen (18) years and above, and caregivers of persons living with disabilities in Bauleni compound were included in this study. Focus group discussions were conducted with the two groups of participants and the discussions were recorded with an audio recording device. The data was then analyzed through narrative analysis where the data from the focus group discussions was transcribed and developed into predetermined themes. Findings: Long distances to healthcare facilities, inability to pay for health expenses, and negative attitudes of healthcare providers to people living with disabilities were some of the barriers reported as affecting the accessibility of healthcare services for persons with disabilities in Bauleni compound. Conclusion: In conclusion this study highlights that features of the physical environment, attitudinal barriers especially from health care providers and the affordability of services make it difficult for people living with disability to have access to healthcare services in Bauleni compound. Therefore, more needs to be done to raise awareness about and improve the implementation of policies aimed at promoting the well-being of people living with disabilities.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practices of Marketeers towards Solid Waste Management in Kalingalinga Compound of Lusaka District
(2022) MUFUKULI, Lisa Nandi
The research assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of Marketeers at Kalingalinga Market on solid waste management. Quantitative methods were used and the sample size was 59. The findings reveal that 88.7% of the participants know what solid waste is and risks associated with it, while 11.3% did not know solid waste nor the risks associated with it. Concerning waste polluting the environment; 88.7% admitted to it, 1.9% said no, 1.9% were not sure and 7.5% did not know. Results on attitude included solid waste needs immediate attention; 83.0% I agree, 13.2% I disagree, 1.9% not sure, I don’t know 1.9%. Results on how they felt about how waste is handled; comfortable 56.6%, uncomfortable 39.6%, not sure 1.9%, I don’t know 1.9%. On practices; 79.2% used waste bins, 20.8% did not use waste bins. Also revealed is that 64.2% of the participants obey laws, 35.8% do not. The research concludes that Marketeers have relatively high levels of knowledge about solid waste and attitude is above average even though this did not influence good solid waste disposal practices. The study recommends local authorities to sensitise marketeers and involve them in the solid waste management decision making process.
Exposure to Occupational Biological Hazards among Health Care Workers at Mazabuka General Hospital
(2022) PEZO, Cheche Sophie
A hospital is not an exception to exposure to biological hazards, while healthcare workers are saving lives, they deserve to be protected from harm especially from biological hazards. With the coming of COVID-19 the number of health care workers getting exposed to biological hazards (tissue, mucus, faeces, and saliva) and some dying has risen, taking into consideration that this has been happen even before despite the measures put in place such as the personal protective clothing and vaccines to protect health care worker not much difference has been observed. According to World Health Organization (2015) twelve percent (12%) workforce is comprised of health care workers around the world. Health care workers conduct their duties in environment considered more hazardous in terms of occupation setting. In addition to exposures related to their workplaces, health care workers come across various hazards owing to their work related duties. The main aim of this study was to assess exposure to occupational biological hazards among health care workers at Mazabuka General Hospital. The study approach and design for this research was quantitative and a cross-sectional respectively. The study was conducted using descriptive research design by describing the situations as they are to provide factual descriptions. Majority of the respondents (52%, 52/100) had agreed to have contracted an illness due to occupational hazards. 66% of the respondents reported to have been exposed to at least a type of biological hazard and this was accompanied by the process of waste disposal. This research concluded that bacteria is the commonest (55%: 55/100) type of biological hazards, at Mazabuka General Hospital in Mazabuka District. It clearly indicated that the hospital still has loopholes in their safety and hygiene practices and needs to scale up interventions for improvement.
An Assessment of the Use of Home Remedies in treating Cold and Cough in Chongwe District
(2022) DAKA, Showa Taonga
Home remedies are widely used all over the world especially in Africa to treat and cure so many diseases(Anthony et al., 2016 ). These remedies have existed as long as man has existed on earth and a high number of modern medicines are made from these remedies. In Africa, home remedies have been passed on from one generation to the next just like culture and tradition because it is part of their identity as well as natural ways of treating all types of illness and disease. In remote areas of Zambia, there is a high usage of home remedies which is influenced by the following; culture and tradition, lack of health facilities where they can access and receive treatment, little or no knowledge of modern treatment and drugs, they cannot afford modern medicine due to low or no income to mention but a few(Hilding, 2014). The main objective of this study was to assess the use of home remedies in treating cold and cough. The research adopted a qualitative study design which is subjective and allows respondents to express themselves without any manipulation by the researcher. The results depicted that home remedies are safe to use because they have mild or no side effects and they treat cold and cough within a period of three(3) days or even less. The use of home remedies in treating cold and cough was seen to be influenced by factors such as cultural beliefs, low or no income, lack of health facilities and skilled workforce, moving long distances in order to access health care services, knowledge levels among others. Therefore, the researcher recommended that home remedies should be encompassed in the modern medical system so as to increase accessible, affordability as well as making the modern health system friendly for those that strongly believe in home remedies because that way they will accept and access the modern medical services.
Factors Associated with Gender Based Violence against Women in Kalingalinga Compound
(2022) ZULU, Godfridah Ethel
Gender based violence (GBV) is defined as an act of violence that result in physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to a person. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that one in five of the world’s female population has been physically and sexually abused at some time in Sub-Saharan Africa. The proportion of women who experienced physical violence was between 13 and 45%. Zambia is ranked as having the highest number of GBV in Southern Africa, however there is little known about the factors associated with the vice in Kalingalinga Compound, Lusaka.” This study sought to explore factors associated with gender-based violence towards women in Kalingalinga Compound. “The study used qualitative method, with an open-ended questionnaire administered to GBV victims aged between 19 to 49 years. Total of 30 respondents participated in the study. Data was analysed using thematic methods.” The study indicated that majority of the respondents who experienced GBV were aged between 26 and 35, had attained secondary education and were knowledgeable of what gender-based violence is all about. Additionally, the study also reviewed that most of the respondents were married and had a monthly income of less than K5000. Furthermore, it was discovered that majority of the respondents’ spouses consumed alcohol.” It was noted that factors that contributed to GBV included income levels, cultural beliefs and alcohol consumption.