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A Comparative Analysis of the effects of Corporate Governance on Financial Performance of Private and Public Owned Companies: A Case of Selected Companies in Zambia (2019-2021)
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MWAPE, Edwin Mpundu
The objective of this research project is to compare the effects of corporate governance on the financial performance of publicly traded and privately held businesses. The following are this study's main goals: 1. To determine how board composition affects the financial performance of both private and public companies in Zambia; 2. To evaluate the connection between CEO duality and the financial performance of both private and public companies in Zambia; 3. To examine and compare the impact of independent committees on the financial performance of both private and public companies in Zambia; and 4. To look into the difference in average financial performance between private and public companies in Zambia. The study population consisted of all the 22 firms listed on the Lusaka Stock Exchange (LUSE). A sample size of 7 firms was chosen for this study utilizing random sampling techniques. A sample size of 165 individuals was chosen for this study utilizing both convenient sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Information reduction strategy was applied utilizing Microsoft Excel 2016 and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 to summarize the data. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as t-test, regression, and difference of two means were used in data analysis. The study unearthed a complex association between board size and financial performance across public and private sectors. Contrary to conventional beliefs, larger boards in private companies exhibited enhanced financial metrics. However, Public companies performance showed a gradual board size increase, diverging from anticipated trends. Surprisingly, CEO duality exhibited detrimental effects on financial performance in both public and private sectors, agreeing with existing assumptions. The study suggests a re-evaluation of the CEO's role in driving financial outcomes. The role of independent committees unveiled a stronger relationship with improved financial performance in public compared to the private sector, calling for tailored strategies based on ownership structures and industry regulations. Finally, significant disparities emerged in financial performance metrics between public and private entities, with public companies showcasing higher financial performance measures. In line with these findings, it has recommended that corporate Boards and Governance Committees tailor governance strategies considering sector-specific dynamics; conduct specialized training programs for stakeholder education; adapt regulations to ensure parity between public and private entities; foster forums for best practices sharing among enterprises. Key Words: Performance, Financial, board composition, board size, independent committee
A Comparative Study of the Impact of Different Leadership Styles on Organizational Performance: A Case of Infratel Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MWAANGA, Ethel Mutinta
This study focused on the comparative analysis of different leadership styles at Infratel Zambia. The study adopted a case study approach, collecting data from 74 randomly sampled participants out of a total population of 90 employees at Infratel Zambia. Employing a mixed-method approach, qualitative data underwent thematic analysis, while quantitative data was analysed using STATA (Version 14) with Microsoft Excel for generating descriptive statistics and tabulation tables. Data collection instruments included questionnaires for employees and interview guides for managers. This research aimed to explore the optimal leadership approach and style for maximizing organizational results in the Zambian setting, using Infratel Zambia as a case study. Relying on primary data from detailed interviews, questionnaire surveys, and a review of literature, the study uncovered a significant correlation between different leadership styles and organizational performance at Infratel Zambia. The findings emphasized the necessity for organizations to employ a mix of leadership styles rather than relying on a single approach to achieve robust performance. The study concluded that there was a significant link between different leadership styles on Infratel’s organisational performance. The general argument of this study revealed that an organization needed to consider a mixture of different leadership styles to achieve robust organisational performance, unlike the application of a single style of leadership. However, the study results would be added to the body of knowledge already available on the effectiveness of leadership and provide insight into real-world applications for improving organisational performance in related fields and situations. Finally, it is recommended to adopt a combination of leadership styles for optimal organizational performance. Key Words: Leadership Styles, Organisational Performance.
A Critical Analysis On The Effectiveness Of The COMESA Court Of Justice Arbitration Rules Of 2018 In Addressing Challenges Faced By Zambia And Other COMESA Member States In International Commercial Arbitration
(University of Lusaka, 2024) SIAMAMBO ACKIM
The African continent has recently experienced a rise in cases involving international commercial arbitration. This generally means that African arbitration institutions have a mandate to be equipped with the best arbitration rules that conform to internationally accepted standards. Given the above, the COMESA Court of Justice revised its Arbitration Rules of 2003. It launched the COMESA Court of Justice Arbitration Rules of 2018 to improve arbitration under COMESA and to mitigate challenges that nations in the common market face in settling international commercial arbitration disputes. This study has analyzed the 2018 rules critically and evaluated the rules' effectiveness in addressing challenges in arbitration that COMESA member states face. The methodology employed in this study was qualitative. The research discovered that the new rules have, however, not been effective and have little impact in mitigating the various challenges that are still faced in international commercial arbitration by member states. International commercial arbitration challenges such as the cumbersome notice process when filing an action at the Court, the bias of the Court in reviewing the exhaustion of local remedies, lack of investor-state arbitration at the Court, prolonged arbitration processes, high costs of arbitration, difficulties with recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards, lack of important provisions in the Courts' current arbitration rules (these include provisions for handling complex arbitration disputes such as joinder and consolidation, provisions for expedited procedures, and provisions for the conduct of legal representatives and provisions for the doctrine of separability).
A Critical Examination of the Peace and Security Strategies employed by Law Enforcement Agencies in Community Administration: The Case of the Zambia Police Service and the Drug Enforcement Commission in Ng’ombe and George Compounds in Lusaka, Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) WAKUNGUMA, Namatama
This study investigated the strategies employed by law enforcement agencies, specifically the Zambia Police Service (ZPS) and Drug Enforcement Commission (DEC), in addressing peace and security challenges in Ng'ombe and George compounds in Lusaka. Utilizing the case study research design, the study engaged a sample of 50 participants, with 25 individuals from each compound, selected through purposive sampling. The research focused on assessing the current strategies utilized by ZPS and DEC, exploring the effectiveness of community administration strategies in fostering peace and security, and identifying the challenges and limitations encountered by law enforcement agencies in implementing these strategies. The findings revealed multifaceted approaches employed by law enforcement, encompassing community policing initiatives, patrol and response mechanisms, intelligence-gathering, and drug control operations. Community administration initiatives emphasized engagement, awareness, and partnership-building, contributing to enhanced safety perceptions among residents. However, the study identified challenges such as resource constraints, trust deficits between law enforcement and communities, persistent criminal activities, procedural hurdles, lack of community engagement, and underlying socioeconomic factors that hampered effective implementation. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the need for tailored strategies, continued evaluation, community involvement, and resource allocation to improve security. The recommendations include strengthening community engagement, enhancing trust building measures, responsibly leveraging technology, adapting strategies to local contexts, allocating resources and training, continual evaluation, and promoting collaboration between community administration and law enforcement agencies. This study provides insights into the complexities of urban security and offers recommendations to enhance peace and security strategies in Ng'ombe and George compounds, contributing to safer and more resilient urban communities.
A Critique of The Use of The Prerogative of Mercy in Zambia Vis a Vis The Independence of The Judiciary and The Fight Against Corruption
(2023) CHIRWA, Niza
This thesis is premised on the prerogative of mercy vis a vis the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The study focuses on the laws in Zambia which provides for the prerogative of mercy powers and how the use of this power has impacted on the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The purpose of this research was to ascertain how the exercise of the mercy power has impacted on the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption in Zambia. The methodology of this research is as follows; this research was a qualitative mode of research as data was collected from both primary and secondary sources which include, local and foreign legislation, textbooks, journal articles, internet sources and textbooks. The design of this research is blended between historical and narratives. The research is couched as a descriptive one as it shall describe how presidential clemency has impacted on the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The data collected was analyzed using narrative data analysis. The major findings of the research were that Zambia does not have laws that protect an abuse of the use of the prerogative of mercy powers. And as such, it has been very easy to misuse this power by successive presidents because of luck of laws to make the holder of power accountable. This has resulted in the eroding of judicial independence and the fight against corruption through the use of this power.
A review of the effectiveness of the Performance Management System in the Anti-Corruption Commission in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) SIMASIKU, Monde
The study conducted a review of the effectiveness of the performance management system in the Anti-Corruption Commission. The study utilized primary data drawn from a sampled population of 83 respondents at ACC using Yamene's formula. Simple random sampling technique was used and a descriptive research design. The researcher used a mixed method approach and designed a questionnaire as well as an interview guide. Quantitative and Qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. The objectives of the study were to; determine the factors affecting performance in the Anti-Corruption Commission; to establish the effectiveness of the performance planning process as conducted at the Anti-Corruption Commission; to establish the effectiveness of the performance monitoring process at the Anti-Corruption Commission and to establish the effectiveness of the performance review process at the Anti-Corruption Commission. Factors such as leadership, inadequate funding, and lack of motivation affect employee performance. On the effectiveness of the performance planning process as conducted at the Anti-Corruption Commission, it was discovered that the performance planning process is not effective. On the effectiveness of the performance monitoring process at the Anti-Corruption Commission it was found that the performance monitoring process is not effective. Lastly on the effectiveness of the performance review process at the AntiCorruption Commission it was discovered that the process is fairly conducted and performance appraisals are conducted yearly. In conclusion, The Anti-Corruption Commission's performance management system is suboptimal. Transparency and promotions are limited, leading to employee dissatisfaction. The research recommended that the Commission should enhance staff orientation and allocate resources for improvement programs. Improve performance monitoring processes by improving monitoring tools and increasing frequency. Improve performance review mechanisms by improving communication channels and methods for effective feedback provision.
A Study of Determinants of Capital Market Liquidity in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) MANKISHI, Kisulo
The study aimed at establishing economic determinants of capital market liquidity in Zambia, to contribute to efforts towards increasing liquidity in the market. Capital markets are financial avenues through which long-term investment is secured for purposes of enhancing economic activity either in debt and or equity markets (SEC bulletin, 2017: 21). In this regard, capital (LuSE) market turnover is the liquidity of the market measured by the value of trade volume of equity against total equity issued (Ibid). It therefore follows that the study examined the relationship between capital market liquidity (LuSE turnover as a proxy) as the response variable and GDP growth rate, inflation, money supply (broad money) growth rate, average annual crude oil price per barrel and exchange rate against the US dollar as regressors. The research data sample was for 21 years from 2000 to 2021 for both the response and regressor variables. The research utilised the autoregressive distribution lag model (ARDL) to establish the state of the relationships between capital market liquidity and regressor variables because the data was differenced at order 0 and 1. Before running the ARDL model, the data was subjected to statistical tests of normal distribution, stationarity, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity. The bounds test was performed on the data to determine if the relationship between the regressors and the response variable were either short or long run. The outcomes of the statistical tests show that only a short-run relationship exists among the variables. The short run relationship ARDL statistical results interestingly show that only crude oil price per barrel and the exchange rate are statistically significant at 95% confidence interval to influence capital market liquidity outcomes. The results show that crude oil price per barrel is positively related to capital market liquidity by a coefficient of 34100000 whereas the exchange rate is negatively related to capital market liquidity by a coefficient of 1350000000. In this regard, a unit increase in crude oil price per barrel increases capital market liquidity by K34,100,000 whereas a unit depreciation of the Kwacha against the US dollar reduces capital market liquidity by K1,350,000,000. To increase liquidity or turnover in the Zambian capital market for purposes of increasing economic activity for job creation and population welfare improvement, the study recommends adoption of macroeconomic policies that would strengthen the Kwacha against the US dollar in the short run to prevent or reduce liquidity or turnover losses. It further recommends that the country establish and utilise regression models based on significant macroeconomic variables for forecasting capital market liquidity as a better means of forecasting and managing risks that may affect capital market turnover, and thereby securing investment and job creation to attain economic growth.
A study of the relationship between Demographic Transition and Economic Growth in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) SAKUHUKA, Martin N
The research delves into the intricate relationship between demographic transition variables and economic growth, employing a robust quantitative analysis spanning from 1981 to 2022. Utilizing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test and Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model, the study unveils the dynamic nature of these variables over time, offering significant insights into the complex interplay between demographic shifts and economic development. Focusing on critical factors such as GDP growth, working-age population dynamics, population growth, total fertility rate, and death rate, the research provides nuanced understanding of their relationships with economic trajectories. The long-run equation reveals that Death Rate (DR), Population Growth (PG), and Birth Rate (TFR) significantly influence GDP growth, with positive effects for all coefficients except Total Fertility Rate (TFR), which negatively impacts GDP. Interestingly, Working Age Population (WAP) is deemed statistically insignificant in the long run. In the short run, lagged GDP growth negatively influences current GDP, while Death Rate (DR) positively affects short-term GDP growth. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) negatively impacts short-term GDP, and Population Growth (PG) has an insignificant effect. The study's recommendations underscore the significance of human capital development, diversified economic strategies, and targeted family planning and health services for fostering sustainable economic growth in Zambia.
A Study on the Drivers of Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions: A Case of Deposit-Taking Microfinance Institutions in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) SAKALA, Chawanzi
This research study sought to contribute to the body of existing literature by investigating what drives the financial performance of deposit-taking MFIs (DTMFIs) in Zambia. To accomplish this objective, a quantitative research approach and a longitudinal research design were adopted. Secondary data was based on financial ratios of five DTMFIs licensed by the BoZ, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index, and a macroeconomic variable spanning from 2015 to 2022 with 40 observations in total. Financial performance (proxied by return on assets) was the dependent variable whereas institutional-specified drivers (proxied by capital adequacy and portfolio at risk), macroeconomic variables (proxied by the annual rate of inflation), and market-specified drivers (proxied by market concentration) were independent variables. To analyze the research data, descriptive statistics, correlations, and regression analysis were utilized. Research findings revealed that capital adequacy, portfolio at risk, and inflation are drivers of financial performance in DTMFIs in Zambia. Policymakers and DTMFIs are therefore recommended to ensure that credit personnel are at all times well-trained to assess risks more efficiently and that institutions are engaged in enhancing scenario-based planning to evaluate the probable influence of macroeconomic variables on financial performance. Key words: Deposit-taking Microfinance Institutions, Drivers, Financial Performance,Microcredit, Microfinance, Zambia.
A study to determine the factors contributing to the rise in malaria prevalence in Mumbwe District of Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2023) LUMAI, Robert
Malaria is a common and life-threatening disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical areas. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite called Plasmodium. Human malaria is caused by four different species of Plasmodium namely P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. There are two categories of malaria infections namely uncomplicated and severe or complicated infection. Uncomplicated malaria lasts 6-10 hours and it consists of a cold stage, a hot stage and a sweating stage. This study sought to assess the factors that contribute to the rise in malaria prevalence in Mumbwa District. The study used quantitative research using descriptive cross-sectional study on 39 participants. The respondents were knowledgeable of the importance of using treated bed nets, the time of using it, types of nets and source of information pertaining to LLINs utilization. In this study the utilization of ITNS for respondents has shown that majority of them (74percent) were using bed nets when they went to sleep, while only a few (17percent) who were not using bed nets in regular bases during their sleep. A higher malaria prevalence is associated with a number of factors that lead to lowered malaria transmission, like increased literacy levels, higher access to malaria health awareness campaigns and health education, as well as being able to afford disease prevention methods and treatment. According to the present study, 72.3% of participants had a history of malaria infection however, only 26 were infected with malaria. In particular, individuals who had a family history of malaria were 1.53 times more likely to be infected by Plasmodium species compared to their counterparts (p < 0.00). The result showed that malaria is still one of the most serious public burdens in the study area. The main infection factors linked to the infection in the study area were age, sex, marital status, family size, use of LLIN and IRS, presence of mosquito breeding sites, and openings on their wall/roof. In addition, the main reason for rejecting LLIN is misconceptions about the toxicity of the treated net. The burden of malaria could be reduced by focusing on changing the attitudes towards malaria prevention and control through continued health education.
Adherence to Occupational Health and Safety Practices at Konkola Copper Mines, Chililabombwe District Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2023) NALWAMBA, Patience Mbughi
In the majority of emerging nations, the modern period of globalization, fast industrialization, and urbanization have emerged as twin brothers. ILO standards on occupational safety and health provide essential tools for governments, employers, and workers to establish safe practices for providing maximum safety at work. The ISO 45001 standard serves as the foundation for the mining sector's occupational health and safety management systems in Zambia. It is probable that about 2.2 million people die annually from work related accidents and diseases, and a further 270 million workers fall victims of nonfatal occupational injuries. This results in substantial human and economic costs to workers and their families, employers, and society. The objective of this study was to assess the occupational health and safety practices at konkola copper mines. A facility based cross-sectional study was used among KCM underground miners prior to the study in 2023 in Chililabombwe district. A structure questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analysed using STATA. The minimum age of respondents was 22 years old and the maximum was 56 years old with the mean age of 36.8 (SD=6.8) years. The majority of the participants 90(23.7%) were between 31-40 years old. Females were the most responds who adhered to occupational health and safety guidelines 43(82.69) compared to males with (28.57). The majority of respondents attended Primary (50.00) education level who adhered to occupational health and safety guidelines compared to those who attended secondary and university (33.33) and (16.67) respectively. The study concluded that there was awareness of emergency procedures and accident reporting and investigation vital for some enhancement. In general, the findings emphasize the significance of continuous education and preparation to maintain a safe and sound workplace, as well as the importance of ongoing observation and evaluation of workplace security strategies and practice. It may be necessary to enforce stricter adherence to safety guidelines and the use of personal protective equipment in order to improve safety and cut down on accidents. Training on safety rules and how to use personal protective equipment (PPE) should be given more frequently and more thoroughly.
Alternative Dispute Resolution - The Role of Adjudicative Tribunals in Providing Speedy Adjudication: The Case of the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal of Zambia
(2021) NG’ONA, Simon
The study assessed the performance of adjudicative tribunals, as a branch of Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR, in addressing the challenge of inundation and delay in the formal court system in Zambia, through making a case study of the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal CCPT. The study calculated the disposition times of published decisions of the CCPT from 2014 to 2017. The findings reveal that the average duration of disposal of cases was 11 months, a value significantly higher than the tribunals’ Key Performance Indicator target of 6 months. The study, however, notes that there has been a constant improvement in the duration of cases settled overtime. Also noted, is that ADR processes should be accountable to the court system and that any development which breeds unbridled preference for ADR has the potential to promote unhealthy competition with the courts. Thus, the study underwrites the oversight role of the Court on tribunal decisions through appeals.
An Analysis of Effective External Communication Strategies that enhances Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Industry: A Case of Zambia National Commercial Bank, Lusaka, Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) CHISULO, Jeyson
This thesis aimed to contribute to the understanding of effective external communication strategies employed by banks in the banking industry, with a focus on Zambia National Commercial Bank (Zanaco) in Lusaka, Zambia. The study utilised Communication Theory, Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Theory, and Consumer Behavior Theory in the context of an under-researched Sub-Saharan country. The primary objective was to examine successful external communication strategies that enhance customer satisfaction in the banking sector. The methodology involved gathering primary data from 197 Zanaco customers based in Lusaka, Zambia. Regression analysis was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Zanaco's external communication strategies on customer satisfaction in Lusaka Province. Recognising the critical role of customers as key external stakeholders, the thesis emphasises on the importance of effective communication in meeting customer requirements and sustaining the success of banks. According to Katz and Kahn (1978), communication is defined as "the exchange of information and the transmission of meaning," serving as a fundamental component of an organization's social structure. Effective communication, as outlined by Kotler et al. (2012), must achieve connection, offer rewards, motivate action, and remain in the mind. The thesis highlights that communication serves diverse purposes beyond merely informing clients about product attributes; it also influences how a bank presents itself to various interest groups and stakeholders, contributing to the establishment of a desired image and brand. The findings indicated that communication channels such as social media, billboard advertising, personal selling, and website presence used by Zambia National Bank significantly enhance customer satisfaction. Despite the notable expansion and diversification in Zambia's banking sector, particularly with Zanaco, the research underscores a gap in comprehensive studies specifically focusing on the effectiveness of external communication methods on customer satisfaction in the context of Zanaco Bank in Lusaka. While existing literature on banking communication methods exists, it is often broad and lacks the specificity needed to address the unique dynamics of Zanaco's client base. The research provides valuable insights for banks aiming to optimize their external communication strategies for enhanced customer satisfaction in the evolving landscape of the Zambian banking industry.
An Analysis of Project Management Practices in implementing Constituency Development Fund (Cdf) Projects: A Case Study of Selected Constituencies of Monze District
(University of Lusaka, 2025) WALUBITA, Martha
This study analyzed the project management practices in the implementation of Constituency Development Fund (CDF) projects in the selected constituencies within Monze District. The primary objective analyses project management practices used in the chosen constituency to implement CDF projects and determine how these practices relate to implementation challenges. The goal of the study was to address the gap existing in the literature by assessing the possible effects of present project management practices on CDF projects in the Monze District, as evidenced by the challenges and delays that locals in the area had described. The study used a descriptive survey research design, data was collected through a questionnaires and interviews and subsequently analysed using a mixed methods approach. Multiple regression analysis tested the hypotheses' significance, revealing that planning and budget, monitoring and evaluation, stakeholder engagement, procurement and contracting, and risk management significantly influenced CDF project implementation. The study established that there are existing challenges in project management practices during the implementation of CDF projects, such as poor prioritization of work, local contractors' engagement, a lack of monitoring tools, and work overlap. Among other things, the study recommended strengthening the capacity of local contractors through the Zambia Public Procurement Authority, increasing the number of employees at Monze Town Council through the Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development, and reorganizing the community development committee to incorporate ward development committees. These measures are intended to improve project management capabilities and deal with specific issues that were identified during the implementation of CDF projects. KEY WORDS: Constituency Development Fund, Project Management Practice
An Analysis of the effects of Cyber Threats on the Uptake of Digital Financial Services in Kitwe (Chisokone) - Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2025) KAMANGA, Pythias
This study explores the impact of cyber threats on the adoption and usage of digital financial services in Kitwe (Chisokone), Zambia. Amidst the rapid digital transformation, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the digital financial landscape, highlighting the availability and accessibility of various digital financial platforms, the nature and frequency of cyber-attacks, the perceived security of these platforms, and the effectiveness of regulatory protections for users. Employing a mixed-method approach, including surveys and literature review, the study gathers data from both users and providers of digital financial services. The findings reveal that while digital financial platforms are widely available and generally user-friendly, there is a significant prevalence of cyber-attacks, such as hacking and phishing, which raises concerns about the security measures in place. Moreover, the study uncovers a notable discrepancy between users' perception and the actual effectiveness of regulatory authorities in monitoring and safeguarding these platforms. The research concludes with the recommendation for enhanced security protocols, improved user education, and strengthened regulatory oversight to bolster the resilience and trustworthiness of digital financial services in Zambia. This study contributes to the understanding of digital finance in a developing economy context, offering insights for policymakers, financial service providers, and users to navigate the challenges posed by cyber threats effectively. Keywords: Cyber threats, user security, regulatory oversight, and financial technology (FinTech) in Kitwe, Zambia
An Analysis of the Impact of the Introduction of the National Health Insurance Management Authority on the revenues of Private Insurance Companies: A Case Study of Sanlam, ZSIC Life, Prudential And Madison Life Insurance Companies in Zambia
(2025) MUMBA, Precious Chitalu
The study aims to determine whether private insurance companies face opportunities and challenges, as well as to evaluate the effect of NHIMA on market share and financial revenues. The study incorporates a mixed-methods design, with quantitative financial ratio analysis serving as the primary study methodology. Four prominent private insurance providers were included in the study population on the basis of their market share, financial stability, and industry impact. The purposive sampling technique is utilized to concentrate on entities that are representative of major players in the health insurance market of Zambia. It is deemed adequate to conduct a comprehensive analysis using the sample size of four companies. A qualitative examination of pertinent literature and quantitative analysis of financial statements comprise the data collection process. The study reveals the intricacies of the private insurance industry, as well as the prospects and obstacles that lie ahead. The study findings offer insights into major insurance companies in Zambia. Sanlam and ZSIC show favourable utilization trends, while Prudential faces challenges in claims management. Madison experiences fluctuations, and the absence of 2021-2022 data for ZSIC and Madison limits understanding. Retention Ratios highlight strategic shifts, with Prudential's fluctuations needing detailed examination. Market share analysis reveals shifts, with Sanlam maintaining a leading position but redistribution among key players. These findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of the Zambian insurance market, emphasizing the need for continued scrutiny and strategic adaptation within the industry. The importance of continuous study endeavours is highlighted in the conclusion, which also suggests giving priority to annual industry reports, conducting comprehensive evaluations of NHIMA's influence, and incorporating qualitative data. By addressing these limitations, a greater understanding of the dynamic private insurance landscape in Zambia can be achieved. The study highlights the adaptability of the industry in the face of regulatory shifts and volatile market conditions, underscoring the significance of making well-informed decisions to determine its course. Key Words: National Health Insurance Management Authority, Private insurance, Financial impact, Revenue
An Assessment into the effects of implementing Continous Improvement Practises in Production Logistics: A Case Study of the Internal Logistics System of Reagents at Kansanshi Mining PLC
(University of Lusaka, 2025) NDAIPENI, Ernest
This study assessed the effects of implementing continuous improvement (CI) practices in the internal logistics system of reagents at KMP. Using descriptive data analysis, the study explored the CI practices such as Root-Cause Analysis (RCA), Technology adoption, Training, Employee involvement, Feedback and Suggestion systems. With a population of 120 staff, a sample of 120 from the reagents section was picked entailing a census approach. Findings indicate “good” adoption of CI, particularly in root cause analysis with 61.8% of respondents indicating that Root-Cause analysis is frequently utilized, Training with 73.3% respondents indicating it is frequently utilized and technology use with 75.28% of respondents indicating frequent utilization of this practice. Employee involvement, feedback and suggestion is the least with 58.4%. The study established that CI is utilized but not to the fullest extent and that there is room for improvement. The study also established a positive relationship between CI practices and logistics efficiency, evidenced by a multiple regression analysis model explaining 81.45% of the variance in the dependent variable, efficiency. Safety, health, and environmental benchmarks also showed improvement post-CI with an improved grand mean value post CI implementation. The regression model showed a positive 93.13% explanatory power with a P-value of 0.001 indicating significance. Leadership commitment and employee involvement emerge as crucial for successful CI implementation. The study suggests integrating CI with performance evaluation schemes for all staff, establishment of CI/quality circles with a champion to lead the process. Establishing a dedicated CI section with mission to push the CI agenda across the firm is also recommended. Training also needs reinforcement. It is also recommended that there is increased focus on internal customer satisfaction within the company Keywords: Continuous Improvement, Logistics Management, Operational Efficiency, Employee Engagement, Customer Satisfaction, Lean, Total Quality Management, Agile, Emerging Economies, Safety, Health, Environment, Root Cause Analysis, Training, Feedback, Suggestion Systems, Leadership Commitment, Technology Utilization, Performance evaluation schemes, Technological Advancements
An Assessment of factors influencing the Abandonment of Public-Sector Construction Projects: A Case of Lusaka District in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2024) MVULA, Alick
The purpose of this study was to assess factors influencing abandonment of public sector construction in Lusaka district. Specifically, the study sought to: establish the extent economic factors may account for abandonment of public sector construction projects in Lusaka district; investigate the extent financial factors may account for abandonment of public sector construction projects in Lusaka district; assess the extent political factors may account for abandonment of public sector construction projects in Lusaka district; and ascertain the extent human resource factors may account for abandonment of public sector construction projects in Lusaka district. The study employed a quantitative research design. The research involved a total sample of 333 respondents from National Construction Council (NCC), Zambia Institute of Architects (ZIA), officials from Ministry of Infrastructure and Housing, Ministry of Works and Supply and Ministry of Finance and Lusaka City Council (LCC). A random sampling method was used to sample the respondents. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The data gathered was quantitatively analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The research found that 71.8% of abandoned public sector construction projects in Lusaka district are attributed to economic, financial, political, and human resource factors while the remaining 28.2% can be explained by factors not covered in this research. the four independent variables are all significantly and positively related to the dependent variable at the .01 level of significance. Human Resource factor has the most influence on the dependent variable ( beta = .319) followed by Economic factor (beta = .163), Financial factor came third (beta=0.155) while Political factor had the least influence on the dependent variable (beta=0.117). Based on the research findings, the research recommends that: government through the office of the Attorney General ought to be signing construction projects upon confirming availability of adequate funds for the construction projects; Institutions like NCC, EIZ and ZIA need to promote prudent financial management and inculcate good culture among their members to avoid project mismanagement and poor performance; and government through the Ministry of Finance should be releasing funds for construction projects right on time. Key words: Public sector, project construction
An Assessment of Innovative Customer Support Solutions as aid to increase Customer Satisfaction in the Public Pension Industry of Zambia: A Case Study of National Pension Scheme Authority (Napsa)
(University of Lusaka, 2025) HANSINGO, Mwansa
Amidst the evolving landscape of Zambia's public pension industry, this research delved into Innovative Customer Support Solutions (ICSS) within the National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA). The study assessed the relationship between innovative customer support solutions implemented at NAPSA and customer satisfaction. Also investigated were the challenges faced during the implementation and actionable recommendations for enhancement were formulated. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, encompassing both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Quantitative data was gathered through a survey involving 206 respondents, while qualitative insights were derived from categorized challenges. Quantitative analysis included descriptive and correlation analyses. The study revealed significant positive correlations between specific ICSS components (eNAPSA, PRB system, WhatsApp, queue management system, and tollfree line) and customer satisfaction. The results align with service quality, expectancy confirmation theory, and innovation resistance theory. Notably, eNAPSA, the PRB system, WhatsApp, and the toll-free line showed a statistically significant positive correlation with customer satisfaction at the 0.01 level of significance, while the NAPSA live chat exhibited a statistically significant positive effect on customer satisfaction at the 5% level of significance. The study also found that eNAPSA was the most utilized ICSS (93.2%), showcasing its central role and dominance in NAPSA's customer service framework. Qualitative analysis of challenges identified recurrent themes, including functional issues, response time challenges, communication issues, and user experience impediments, which provided insights for targeted strategies to enhance system reliability, communication, and user experiences. Policy implications underscored the need for proactive measures in user training, system maintenance, and communication protocol optimization. Recommendations include continuous monitoring, iterative interface improvements, and diversified communication channels to cater to user preferences. Keywords: Innovative customer support solutions, customer satisfaction, National Pension Scheme Authority (NAPSA
An Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Management among Adolescent School Girls in Mazabuka District and the Impact on their Education
(2023) MOONDE, Linda
Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to maturity, and during this time, various changes such as menstruation take place. Menstruation is the regular flow of blood through the vaginal cavity that coincides with the shedding of the uterine mucosa. (Oyebola, 2002). Menstruation is a normal and healthy physical process for girls and women in their reproductive years however managing it presents a number of difficulties that are primarily brought on by negative cultural perception. Menstrual cycle is stigmatized in most societies and possesses hindrance to women and girls especially where participation in community activities is concerned. Menstruation tends to demoralize young girls and burden them with emotions of guilt, humiliation, and worthlessness, especially for those who may not know how to maintain the best hygiene which affects their school performance. The objective of the study was to assess the menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls in the district and its impact on their education. A quantitative cross-sectional study was used to conduct this research; data was collected through self-administered questionnaire which was then analyzed using SPSS version 16, the sample size (91) was obtained using Yamane formula. The study made use of multi-stage and random sampling methods in the selection of study participants. It was found that the largest number of respondents (57.3%) had family members more than five while the least number of respondents (42.7%) had family members less than 5, additionally 66.3 % were able to purchase sanitary pads while 33.7 could not manage. In relation to their knowledge on menstruation 100 % of the respondents had knowledge on the importance of bathing during menstruation however, 85.4% of the girls said menstrual blood was unclean, and 2.2% were not sure. 96.7% of those surveyed said agreed that hormonal changes in the body were to blame for menstruation. One-fourth of the respondents were not sure of the origin of menstrual blood, while 55.5% named the womb, 15.6% the abdomen, and 13.3% the bladder. The findings also indicate that 57.3% of the respondents were not frowned upon discussion of periods, 25.3 % gave correct answer about presence of harmful substances in their menses. Due to cultural differences 17.8% of the respondents did not bath regularly while on periods consequently, 37.1% demonstrated that they were missing from school because of feminine cycle and 43.8% detailed that they missed school because of period for 1-4 days in a month. More than half (51.6 %) of the respondents missed game or play because of period, while 27.3 % of the girls concurred that feminine cycle impeded them from walking far. Majority (57.6%) also indicated lack of menstrual resources such as water, 51.7 had no access to soap and 67.3 of the respondents were not able to purchase disposable sanitary pads. It was concluded that social factors affect knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to menstrual hygiene management among adolescents in peri-urban schools, Culture, lack of knowledge and economic reasons have greater impact on menstrual hygiene among school going children, hence government and key stakeholders need to put up measures into ensuring that schools have a girl-friendly environment, where resources like running water, soap, and sanitary facilities are available.