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A Critique of The Use of The Prerogative of Mercy in Zambia Vis a Vis The Independence of The Judiciary and The Fight Against Corruption
(2023) CHIRWA, Niza
This thesis is premised on the prerogative of mercy vis a vis the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The study focuses on the laws in Zambia which provides for the prerogative of mercy powers and how the use of this power has impacted on the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The purpose of this research was to ascertain how the exercise of the mercy power has impacted on the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption in Zambia. The methodology of this research is as follows; this research was a qualitative mode of research as data was collected from both primary and secondary sources which include, local and foreign legislation, textbooks, journal articles, internet sources and textbooks. The design of this research is blended between historical and narratives. The research is couched as a descriptive one as it shall describe how presidential clemency has impacted on the independence of the judiciary and the fight against corruption. The data collected was analyzed using narrative data analysis. The major findings of the research were that Zambia does not have laws that protect an abuse of the use of the prerogative of mercy powers. And as such, it has been very easy to misuse this power by successive presidents because of luck of laws to make the holder of power accountable. This has resulted in the eroding of judicial independence and the fight against corruption through the use of this power.
A study to determine the factors contributing to the rise in malaria prevalence in Mumbwe District of Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2023) LUMAI, Robert
Malaria is a common and life-threatening disease caused by a plasmodium parasite, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes in many tropical and subtropical areas. Malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite called Plasmodium. Human malaria is caused by four different species of Plasmodium namely P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale and P. vivax. There are two categories of malaria infections namely uncomplicated and severe or complicated infection. Uncomplicated malaria lasts 6-10 hours and it consists of a cold stage, a hot stage and a sweating stage. This study sought to assess the factors that contribute to the rise in malaria prevalence in Mumbwa District. The study used quantitative research using descriptive cross-sectional study on 39 participants. The respondents were knowledgeable of the importance of using treated bed nets, the time of using it, types of nets and source of information pertaining to LLINs utilization. In this study the utilization of ITNS for respondents has shown that majority of them (74percent) were using bed nets when they went to sleep, while only a few (17percent) who were not using bed nets in regular bases during their sleep. A higher malaria prevalence is associated with a number of factors that lead to lowered malaria transmission, like increased literacy levels, higher access to malaria health awareness campaigns and health education, as well as being able to afford disease prevention methods and treatment. According to the present study, 72.3% of participants had a history of malaria infection however, only 26 were infected with malaria. In particular, individuals who had a family history of malaria were 1.53 times more likely to be infected by Plasmodium species compared to their counterparts (p < 0.00). The result showed that malaria is still one of the most serious public burdens in the study area. The main infection factors linked to the infection in the study area were age, sex, marital status, family size, use of LLIN and IRS, presence of mosquito breeding sites, and openings on their wall/roof. In addition, the main reason for rejecting LLIN is misconceptions about the toxicity of the treated net. The burden of malaria could be reduced by focusing on changing the attitudes towards malaria prevention and control through continued health education.
A Study to Determine the Prevelance of the use of Traditional Medicine to treat COVID 19 Related Symptoms in Kaoma District
(2022) MALAMBO, Kaluwe
The usage of traditional medicine in the treat Covid-19 related symptoms has been one of the major practice claims by most people in Zambia for the prevention and treatment of Covid 19. The weight of the Covid-19 pandemic has directed many people to opt or rather seek alternative treatment as preventives and treatment options such as herbal plants. The study intended at assessing the prevalence of the use of traditional medicine to treat Covid-19 related symptoms in Kaoma district. This quantitative study was conducted on 100 participants in Kaoma district in order to assess the prevalence of the use of traditional medicine to treat Covid-19 related symptoms. Participants were selected randomly and given closed ended questioners to give their response. In cases where participants had trouble understanding the questions, interpretations were given to them for better understanding. In order to reduce biasness, participants were randomly selected. After collecting data from different individuals, data was analysed using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 (IBM SPSS statistical 25). Data was entered in an open IBM SPSS statistics analysis software. Data collected was entered in the variable and data view for the data to be analyzed. Around 97% of the participants had knowledge on how to use traditional medicine to treat Covid-19 related symptoms. The study recorded 79 individuals out of 100 participants that used traditional medicine to treat Covid-19 related symptoms and the study recorded 47% of the participants that used traditional medicine twice in a day to treat Covid 19 related symptoms. Most of the preparation of traditional medicine was done through boring of various plants and the rout of administration which was commonly used was through steaming. Factors such as socio-economic, education level and culture were highly associated with the use of traditional medicine. Different types of herbs were discovered, and the majority of the people indicated using the herbs to treat Covid-19 related symptoms. The study indicated that there were different types of roots and leaves used to treat the related symptoms to Covid-19. The most identified symptom before treating one was cough. A cough was the most identified symptom related to Covid-19 before giving an individual traditional medicine to treat their symptom. The study shows that the majority of the participants have been exposed to the use of traditional medicine. Considering the high frequency in the use of traditional medicine to treat Covid-19 related symptoms. it is therefore important to have the proper quantity for the medicine taken, hence it is important that pharmaceuticals work together to make sure that the health of the public is not harmed. Keywords: Traditional Medicine, Covid-19, Covid-19 related symptoms, prevalence of the use of Traditional Medicine.
Aa Appraisal of the Law and Practice relating to Digital Identity Cards in Zanbia in the wake of Identity Cyber Crimes: Solution or Conundrum?
(University of Lusaka, 2024) GONDWE, Catherine
This dissertation, titled an appraisal of the law and practice relating to digital identity cards in Zambia in the wake of identity cyber-crimes: solution or conundrum? Aims at assessing the current framework national registration card system and drawing a picture of how the new digital registration card system will work in Zambia in improving standards and meeting technology halfway. Chapter two illuminates the current framework to one that is suppose to be formed it analyses the provisions available for the current national registration card system and how effective it’s been applied together with the cyber crime and cyber security Act in combating identity cyber-crimes.Chapter three further assess the two laws in details in concentrating to the provisions that focus on identity and the sanctions attached. In addition, it discusses the challenges and problems that the Act does not provide in order for them to be accounted for in protecting the interest of the citizens and protection of their personal information. And finally, chapter four draws’ lessons from the Republic of Tanzania and Lesotho for the best practice for the new digital identity system that is yet to be implanted in Zambia since these other countries have already put it into place and so far, there is an improvement in the issuance and framework of the legislation that governs the national registration system of these countries. They have implemented new laws also to suit or rather match to what technology requires. In conclusion, the research study recommends legislative reforms and comparative policies available to adopt for a better and effective framework. In terms of how to implement the new law to govern the new registration system and also what security and privacy provisions are needed to combat upcoming identity crimes and those that already exist.
Adherence to Occupational Health and Safety Practices at Konkola Copper Mines, Chililabombwe District Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2023) NALWAMBA, Patience Mbughi
In the majority of emerging nations, the modern period of globalization, fast industrialization, and urbanization have emerged as twin brothers. ILO standards on occupational safety and health provide essential tools for governments, employers, and workers to establish safe practices for providing maximum safety at work. The ISO 45001 standard serves as the foundation for the mining sector's occupational health and safety management systems in Zambia. It is probable that about 2.2 million people die annually from work related accidents and diseases, and a further 270 million workers fall victims of nonfatal occupational injuries. This results in substantial human and economic costs to workers and their families, employers, and society. The objective of this study was to assess the occupational health and safety practices at konkola copper mines. A facility based cross-sectional study was used among KCM underground miners prior to the study in 2023 in Chililabombwe district. A structure questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analysed using STATA. The minimum age of respondents was 22 years old and the maximum was 56 years old with the mean age of 36.8 (SD=6.8) years. The majority of the participants 90(23.7%) were between 31-40 years old. Females were the most responds who adhered to occupational health and safety guidelines 43(82.69) compared to males with (28.57). The majority of respondents attended Primary (50.00) education level who adhered to occupational health and safety guidelines compared to those who attended secondary and university (33.33) and (16.67) respectively. The study concluded that there was awareness of emergency procedures and accident reporting and investigation vital for some enhancement. In general, the findings emphasize the significance of continuous education and preparation to maintain a safe and sound workplace, as well as the importance of ongoing observation and evaluation of workplace security strategies and practice. It may be necessary to enforce stricter adherence to safety guidelines and the use of personal protective equipment in order to improve safety and cut down on accidents. Training on safety rules and how to use personal protective equipment (PPE) should be given more frequently and more thoroughly.
An Analysis of the Challenges faced in Underwriting by Life Insurance Companies in Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2024) HARAWA, Kamalika
This dissertation provides an analysis of the challenges faced by life insurance companies in Zambia during the underwriting process. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative interviews with industry experts, policymakers, and senior executives from leading insurance companies, alongside quantitative data analysis based on historical underwriting performance. The study identifies several key challenges, including the lack of comprehensive and reliable data on mortality rates, insufficient actuarial expertise, and limited access to advanced underwriting technology. Moreover, the prevalence of fraud and misrepresentation in insurance applications further compounds the challenges faced by insurers. Drawing on international best practices and lessons from comparable markets, this research proposes strategic recommendations to address the identified challenges. These recommendations encompass technological investment for data analytics, capacity building through training and talent retention programs, and enhanced collaboration between insurers and regulatory bodies to combat fraud effectively. The implications of implementing these recommendations are expected to be far-reaching, fostering sustainable growth within the Zambian life insurance sector. By surmounting the underwriting challenges, insurers can enhance their risk assessment capabilities, offer more competitive and tailored products, and increase insurance penetration in the country. Ultimately, this dissertation aims to contribute valuable insights to both academia and industry practitioners, fostering a deeper understanding of the challenges in life insurance underwriting in Zambia and paving the way for a more robust and resilient insurance sector in the nation.
An analysis of the Effectiveness and Enforceability of Environmental Impact Assessment: A case study on David Ngwenyama v Attorney General and Another vis-à-vis The Environmental Impact Assessment: Its efficacy and enforceability.
(University of Lusaka, 2024) SAKALA, Chekani M
This undergraduate law dissertation critically examines the effectiveness and enforceability of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in Zambia, focusing on the case study of David Ngwenyama v Attorney General and Another, which highlights the contentious nature of EIA enforcement. The research delves into instances where EIA recommendations were both disregarded and adhered to, illustrating the multifaceted landscape of EIA effectiveness. The dissertation is structured into five chapters, aligning with specific objectives. Chapter One establishes the research problem, outlines objectives, and emphasizes the study's significance. Chapter Two provides an overview of Zambia's robust EIA system, emphasizing legal frameworks, procedural steps, and penalties for non-compliance. Chapter Three identifies challenges faced by project developers and government agencies, impacting the transparency and effectiveness of the EIA process. Chapter Four assesses the strengths and weaknesses of Zambia's EIA process, emphasizing the importance of enforcement, capacity development, and transparency. The study reveals that while Zambia's EIA framework prioritizes environmental protection and sustainable development, challenges persist, hindering its effectiveness. The Lower Zambezi case exemplifies the potential disregard for effective EIAs by high authorities, while other projects showcase successful adherence to recommendations. To enhance EIA effectiveness in Zambia, recommendations include improving technical expertise, resource allocation, public participation, data quality, simplifying regulations, and increasing transparency. A collaborative effort involving developers, government bodies, civil societies, and affected communities is proposed to overcome challenges and advance a more effective and transparent EIA system. In conclusion, the dissertation contributes to the ongoing discourse on EIA effectiveness and offers practical recommendations to strengthen Zambia's approach, ensuring sustainable development and environmental preservation for current and future generations.
An Analysis of the Impact of Market Risk Management on the Solvency of Insurance Companies in Zambia: A Case Study of Professional Insurance Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2024) MUNGALA, Agathar
This research aims to analyze how the effective management of market risk impacts the solvency of insurance companies in Zambia. The principal goal of this research is to determine the relationship between an insurance company’s solvency status and the market risk management techniques employed by conducting a case study of Professional Insurance Zambia. In order to achieve comprehensive analysis, methodologies such as the Value at Risk Analysis are employed. This research employs a combination of quantitative analysis and case study methodology. Data on market risk management practices, solvency ratios, and financial performance metrics of Professional Insurance Zambia are collected through interview questionnaires and secondary data collected from the company’s official website. Multiple linear regression model is employed in the study (with the dependent variable being the solvency ratio and the independent variables being total assets, total liabilities and claim reserves) in order to determine the relationship between market risk management and insurance solvency. Furthermore, Value at Risk Analysis is used to estimate the maximum potential loss in the company’s portfolio in a given one year period. Additionally, an in-depth examination of the risk management strategies and models implemented by Professional Insurance Zambia is conducted through interview questions. The findings of this study reveal a positive significant correlation between effective market risk management practices and the solvency of insurance companies, particularly in the case of Professional Insurance Zambia. That is a proportionate increase in the amount of total assets held by the firm leads to a proportionate increase in the solvency ratio and consequently an increase in the total liabilities of the company leads to a decrease in the solvency ratio and vice versa. The results from the Value at Risk Analysis indicate that at 95% confidence level, the maximum potential loss to be experienced in a class of motor insurance policies within a year (one year period) is utmost 67.10% (0.6701). The analysis of risk mitigation strategies from the interviews carried out at the company highlights the importance of proactive risk management measures in reducing exposure to market risks and safeguarding solvency levels. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical role that market risk management plays in ensuring the solvency and financial stability of insurance companies like Professional Insurance Zambia. By implementing robust risk management strategies and models, insurers can better protect their portfolios against adverse market movements, thereby enhancing their overall solvency position and not only enable an increase in the contribution percentage to the total national GDP but also increase insurance credibility and trustworthiness. Therefore, this research will provide useful insights into improving risk management frameworks which will help sustain and maintain insurance solvency amidst changing market conditions.
An Analysis of the Levels of Deforestation and Gaseous Emissions in Zambia resulting in Climate Change, ZEMA's RoleI?Lessons from the United States of America and South Africa.
(University of Lusaka, 2024) KUMWENDA, Chalwe
This research provides an analysis of the levels of deforestation and gaseous emissions and to what extent they affect the environment. The Zambia environmental management agency has the duty of protecting the environment from any sort of harm or pollution. Hence because of the significant rise in the levels of gaseous emissions and deforestation over the years the efficiency of ZEMA is discussed. The study illustrates the causes and effects of deforestation and gaseous emissions on the environment of Zambia and as a result allowed for awareness of the matter over the years. It further highlights environmental laws affected by deforestation and climate change in Zambia to which suggestions are provided. Furthermore, this research shall provide a set of recommendations regarding the issue of climate change and deforestation in Zambia. In order to curb and reduce the matter.
An Assessment of Male involvement in Antenatal Care and Childbirth at Petauke Urban Clinic
(University of Lusaka, 2023) HAMUTOMBWE, Lee
Pregnant women require uninterrupted support from their male counterparts to see the healthy and happy outcomes of their pregnancies. It is needful that all men accompany their pregnant wives during antenatal care visits. The exclusion of men from maternal and child health care could lead to few women seeking maternal health services and as a result increasingly worsening the negative maternal and child health outcomes among women and children. The objective of the study established the social-cultural and health facility related factors influencing male participation in antenatal care (ANC) and childbirth at Petauke Urban Clinic. This was a cross-sectional study employing qualitative method. Using a reliably validated self- administered semi-structured questionnaire, data was collected for three weeks from 30 clients consisting of both pregnant women and their husbands who turned up for antenatal care. This study was descriptive because it involved a systematic collection and presentation of data to give a clear picture on factors that lead to low male involvement in antenatal care. Only less than half of the study participants were men. Most of the study participants had been to secondary school, married and all of them were Christians. Majority of the study participants had escorted or were escorted for ANC. On average the distance of between 5 to 10 kilometers was covered by the respondents from their homes to the clinic. All the respondents indicated that it was acceptable in their communities for men to accompany their female partners to ANC. The main reasons for having never (been) escorted (by) spouse for ANC were: long hours of about six were spent at ANC, lack of proper shelter and being afraid HIV status could be revealed. Most participants were able to state that knowing HIV status only was a core benefit for visiting ANC as a couple. Majority of the respondents noted that the health workers were friendly to men and attended first to those who went with their partners. It was acceptable in the communities of respondents for men to participate in ANC. That was why most men had accompanied their partners to antenatal clinic for pregnancy booking which provided them an opportunity to learn how to take care of the expecting woman, the developing infant and birth preparation. This indicated that most men had access to prenatal care.
An Assessment of Menstrual Hygiene Management among Adolescent School Girls in Mazabuka District and the Impact on their Education
(2023) MOONDE, Linda
Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to maturity, and during this time, various changes such as menstruation take place. Menstruation is the regular flow of blood through the vaginal cavity that coincides with the shedding of the uterine mucosa. (Oyebola, 2002). Menstruation is a normal and healthy physical process for girls and women in their reproductive years however managing it presents a number of difficulties that are primarily brought on by negative cultural perception. Menstrual cycle is stigmatized in most societies and possesses hindrance to women and girls especially where participation in community activities is concerned. Menstruation tends to demoralize young girls and burden them with emotions of guilt, humiliation, and worthlessness, especially for those who may not know how to maintain the best hygiene which affects their school performance. The objective of the study was to assess the menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls in the district and its impact on their education. A quantitative cross-sectional study was used to conduct this research; data was collected through self-administered questionnaire which was then analyzed using SPSS version 16, the sample size (91) was obtained using Yamane formula. The study made use of multi-stage and random sampling methods in the selection of study participants. It was found that the largest number of respondents (57.3%) had family members more than five while the least number of respondents (42.7%) had family members less than 5, additionally 66.3 % were able to purchase sanitary pads while 33.7 could not manage. In relation to their knowledge on menstruation 100 % of the respondents had knowledge on the importance of bathing during menstruation however, 85.4% of the girls said menstrual blood was unclean, and 2.2% were not sure. 96.7% of those surveyed said agreed that hormonal changes in the body were to blame for menstruation. One-fourth of the respondents were not sure of the origin of menstrual blood, while 55.5% named the womb, 15.6% the abdomen, and 13.3% the bladder. The findings also indicate that 57.3% of the respondents were not frowned upon discussion of periods, 25.3 % gave correct answer about presence of harmful substances in their menses. Due to cultural differences 17.8% of the respondents did not bath regularly while on periods consequently, 37.1% demonstrated that they were missing from school because of feminine cycle and 43.8% detailed that they missed school because of period for 1-4 days in a month. More than half (51.6 %) of the respondents missed game or play because of period, while 27.3 % of the girls concurred that feminine cycle impeded them from walking far. Majority (57.6%) also indicated lack of menstrual resources such as water, 51.7 had no access to soap and 67.3 of the respondents were not able to purchase disposable sanitary pads. It was concluded that social factors affect knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to menstrual hygiene management among adolescents in peri-urban schools, Culture, lack of knowledge and economic reasons have greater impact on menstrual hygiene among school going children, hence government and key stakeholders need to put up measures into ensuring that schools have a girl-friendly environment, where resources like running water, soap, and sanitary facilities are available.
An Assessment of Revenue Collection Strategy in the Reformed Local Government; Case Study of Lusaka City Council.
(University of Lusaka, 2024) NJOVU, Derick
A reliable source of income for local governments is essential for fiscal decentralization to work. Even though the federal government has made several extensive changes to taxes in the last decade, the revenue systems utilized by sub-Saharan African states have remained mostly unchanged. Local governments in Zambia get the majority of their funding from taxes levied within their own jurisdictions. Most local governments are unable to provide the basic services needed by their constituents because they fail to make the most efficient use of the funds at their disposal. The expectation was that Lusaka City Council, as the capital of Zambia, would demonstrate how local authorities might effectively utilize their resources. However, the actual situation is completely at odds with this expectation. A lack of political will, noncompliance, or contradictory laws are only a few of the many possible causes of the inability to obtain these monies. The major objective of this research was to assess the revenue collection strategy of the Lusaka City Council within the framework of the reforms implemented by the local government. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were also used in the research. One hundred participants were chosen for the research. A total of 92 out of 100 respondents were able to complete and submit their surveys. LCC has tried a number of different approaches in an effort to increase money coming in. Nevertheless, the primary takeaway from the interviews was that the LCC mostly collected money using online tools and bank transfers. A large percentage of the participants (73.3%) did not have a bachelor's degree or above, suggesting that educational attainment could be a barrier for representatives at the local level when seeking private funding. The majority of respondents think that management should use outside help for revenue collection. The interviewers continued by saying that LCC has programs to increase revenue collection, even though it is well below target. Responses from those who have dealt with LCC's current stringent measures to optimize revenue collection have included threats of closure, revocation, fines, and warnings. The study proved that all research objectives were met, and it showed that every aim and subject was investigated extensively.
An Assessment of the Economic Practicality of the Export Market for Commercial Holder Pig Farmers in Chipata District
(University of Lusaka, 2024) MICHELO, Simon
This study analyzed main objective factors that affect commercial holder pig farmers of Chipata district from increasing productivity level in pork production. A case study of commercial holder pig farmer. The study specifically set out to assess the factors affecting the farmers from increasing the level of production and export market for pig products. The research applied both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. 35 commercial holder pig farmers were selected to respond to the questionnaire. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS to generate frequencies and tables. And the figures were generated using Microsoft word. The findings reveal that the export market information factors are the primary factor that prevent the commercial holder pig farmers from increasing the level of pig production. 82% of the farmers responded that the current government regulations are worse compared to the other regulations. 18% of the respondents holds back to high quality level of feed and the cost of the feed quality and vaccines. Based on the finds, the recommendations are that the government must reform the regulatory framework to make it less difficult and less expensive for investors to participate in agricultural sector. Government must provide subsidies on feed, energy, vaccines and medicines for commercial holder pig farmers.
An Assessment of the Effects of Total Quality Management on Customer Satisfaction: A Case of United Beta Zambia
(University of Lusaka, 2024) TEMBO, Anedy Mofya
This study delved into the dynamics of Total Quality Management (TQM) and its correlation with customer satisfaction within the operational landscape of United BETA Zambia LTD. Employing a mixed-method approach, data was gathered from employees across various departments to assess TQM familiarity, implementation levels, understanding, perceptions of customer satisfaction, and the perceived impact of TQM initiatives. The findings reveal a substantial level of familiarity with TQM among respondents, signifying a foundational understanding that could influence their contributions to quality management efforts. However, disparities emerged in the implementation of TQM practices, with varying levels reported across departments, highlighting potential challenges in achieving uniform integration and execution. Aligned with Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory, diverse perceptions regarding customer satisfaction levels were evident. While a majority perceived satisfaction as 'High,' a significant proportion had 'Moderate' or 'Low' assessments, emphasizing varied experiences and evaluations of the organization's performance. Moreover, the majority expressed a belief in the positive impact of TQM on customer satisfaction. Nonetheless, a minority held neutral or negative views, indicating areas warranting attention within TQM practices. The overwhelming recognition of customer satisfaction's paramount importance underscores a strategic focus on customer-centric approaches. However, differing levels of engagement in continuous improvement efforts reveal varying commitments across departments, underscoring the need for cohesive involvement to drive effective TQM practices. Recommendations include comprehensive TQM training, cross-departmental collaboration, a customer-centric TQM framework, leadership commitment, continuous improvement initiatives, regular assessment, encouragement of employee engagement, and adaptable feedback mechanisms. These findings and recommendations form a foundation for organizational introspection and strategic enhancement within United BETA Zambia LTD, aiming to align TQM practices more effectively with customer satisfaction objectives, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and customer-centricity.
An Assessment of the Use of Home Remedies in treating Cold and Cough in Chongwe District
(2022) DAKA, Showa Taonga
Home remedies are widely used all over the world especially in Africa to treat and cure so many diseases(Anthony et al., 2016 ). These remedies have existed as long as man has existed on earth and a high number of modern medicines are made from these remedies. In Africa, home remedies have been passed on from one generation to the next just like culture and tradition because it is part of their identity as well as natural ways of treating all types of illness and disease. In remote areas of Zambia, there is a high usage of home remedies which is influenced by the following; culture and tradition, lack of health facilities where they can access and receive treatment, little or no knowledge of modern treatment and drugs, they cannot afford modern medicine due to low or no income to mention but a few(Hilding, 2014). The main objective of this study was to assess the use of home remedies in treating cold and cough. The research adopted a qualitative study design which is subjective and allows respondents to express themselves without any manipulation by the researcher. The results depicted that home remedies are safe to use because they have mild or no side effects and they treat cold and cough within a period of three(3) days or even less. The use of home remedies in treating cold and cough was seen to be influenced by factors such as cultural beliefs, low or no income, lack of health facilities and skilled workforce, moving long distances in order to access health care services, knowledge levels among others. Therefore, the researcher recommended that home remedies should be encompassed in the modern medical system so as to increase accessible, affordability as well as making the modern health system friendly for those that strongly believe in home remedies because that way they will accept and access the modern medical services.
An Assessment on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Mtendere Marketeers on COVID-19 Vaccines in Lusaka
(2022) CHILIMBOYI, Twapewa Melina
This study was done in order assess the knowledge, attitudes and behaviours of Mtendere marketeers on COVID-19 vaccines, described the assessment tools for the particular population and suggested ways to improve vaccine hesitancy. With the acknowledgement that COVID-19 vaccines have been received with different feelings which have constructively contributed to the either high or low uptake of the vaccines. There was a strong association in the knowledge, attitude and ultimately behaviours which was developed and contracted through the conceptual framework. It described how social interactions determined knowledge, built an attitude and determined the overall uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. The researcher interviewed the marketeers individually and recorded finding for a sample size of 20 youths and adults. Through a phenomenological study design, the researcher took note of all positive and negative responses of the participants with absolutely no bias to allow authenticity and to give the participants a chance to share their experiences, interviews were open ended and recorded to capture the participants’ complete responses. Research findings show that the participants were knowledgeable about COVID-19 vaccines. Furthermore, analysis of the research findings shows the relationship between knowledge and attitude as major contributing factors to behaviour towards vaccine hesitancy. Although this relationship was ascertained, uptake and hesitancy was highly dependent on how they perceived the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. In conclusion, willingness to get vaccinated built up due to the interviews as the marketeers understood important concepts about COVID-19 vaccines.
An Examination of The Patents Act No.40 of 2016: Lessons drawn from Kenya and Seychelles
(University of Lusaka, 2024) CHIBESAKUNDA, Charity
The purpose of this research was to draw lessons from the Industrial Property Act of 2014 Seychelles and the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 2001 of Kenya on the best practices of regulating the patent industry in Zambia. This research also examined the legal framework governing patents law in Zambia and it also examined the international Patent laws and principles governing patent law. It also discovered that a patent is an exclusive right granted for the protection of an invention, which is a solution to a specific problem in the field of technology. It further discovered that an invention can be defined as a product or process that offers a new way of doing something, or a new technical solution to a problem. This research also discussed among other things that the Patents Act No. 40 of 2016 has got weaknesses as compared to the Industrial Property Act No. 3 of 2001 of Kenya because the Patents Act No. 40 of 2016 under section 9 protects board members from liability and states that no liability shall be incurred by any member of the Board by reason of any act or other consequent proceeding. It was discovered that the provision above gives a member of the board immunity from liability is bad because it enables them to escape liability even when another party has suffered loss as long as the act done is done in connection with any examination, investigation, act or other consequent proceeding. This research further discovered that the Patents Act No. 40 of 2016 has got weaknesses because it doesn’t provide for a provision that provides for estimates on how the board of agency spends their funds and this in turn leads to lack of transparency, which may in turn lead to misappropriation of funds. This research was qualitative in nature and relied on primary and secondary sources. The sources were obtained through desktop research. The primary sources that were relied on were mainly statutes while the secondary sources included review of books, journal articles, and online sources. The research also recommends that there is a need for Zambia to draw lessons from Kenya and Seychelles on the best practices on the best practices of regulating the patent industry in Zambia.
An exploration of factors leading to improper electrical waste disposal in Matero, Lusaka Province
(2022) PEREIRA, Owen
E-waste refers to electrical/Electronic gadgets that are discarded or no longer of use by the purchaser (Sansa-Otim et al. 2012). The rapid climb in electronic and IT trade has increased the volumes of e-waste in Zambia. In most urban areas, “due to uncertainty of the ways to treat e-waste, when electronic products reach their end life, electronic junks lie unattended in shops, offices, homes, etc and is commonly mixed with family waste, that is finally disposed of at waste disposal points which may be hazardous as the e-waste is not sorted and separated.” In this context, the research aims to explore the factors that lead to improper disposal of e-waste in Matero. The study utilized a qualitative approach and made use of a cross-sectional study design, data was collected through interview guides and was analyzed through themes and coding. The sample size was 31 and the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data collected was analyzed thematically (Thematic analysis). It was found that (6%) had attended primary education, (65%) had attended secondary education and (29%) attained tertiary education. Despite majority attaining some level of education, majority of the participants had little or no knowledge on e-waste management. Knowledge on e-waste was highly dependent on the level of education. The study also revealed that most participants were not aware about e-waste, whereas only a few had an idea on what e-waste was and social factors such as knowledge and education played a pivotal role in management of e-waste as most participants did not know what e-waste was, as e-waste was treated like any other waste. Furthermore, most participants stated that economic factors such as income and infrastructure influenced the management of e-waste, as it was highlighted that the indiscriminate disposal of e-waste is because of the lack of adequate infrastructure and that income is the reason why there is more e-waste in the area and people don't mind the management of e-waste because they know less about its effects as they are only trying to earn a living by dealing with it. Lastly it was noted that personal factors such as attitudes tend to influence the behaviour and practice of waste management in Matero. The study concluded that social, economic, and personal factors do indeed play a pivotal role in influencing the proper management of e-waste in Matero.
An Investigation into Adoption of Electronic Banking by Customers in Zambia: A Case of ZANACO.
(University of Lusaka, 2024) MUKONDE, Elina
This research report explores the adoption of electronic banking by customers in Zambia, focusing specifically on the case of ZANACO (Zambia National Commercial Bank). The study aimed to investigate the determinants of electronic banking service acceptance and identify obstacles related to its implementation in the Zambian banking sector. A case study approach was employed, with a purposive sample of 100 ZANACO customers participating in the study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using both statistical techniques and thematic analysis.The findings reveal various determinants influencing the implementation of electronic banking in Zambia, including customer perceptions of security and privacy, ease of use, convenience, trust in the banking system, technological infrastructure, and awareness of electronic banking services. Challenges such as limited internet connectivity, inadequate digital literacy, and customer resistance to change were also identified. The research provides strategic insights for ZANACO and other banks in Zambia to enhance the adoption and usage of electronic banking services. Recommendations include conducting awareness campaigns, improving digital literacy, enhancing security measures, and strengthening technological infrastructure. By addressing these findings, ZANACO and other banks can develop effective strategies to promote electronic banking and overcome customer adoption challenges in Zambia's banking sector.
An Investigation into factors contributing to Noise Induced Hearing Loss among miners at Chibuluma Mine PLC in Kalulushi District, Copperbelt Province
(University of Lusaka, 2023) MULENGA, Ackride
Noise induced hearing loss has been reported amongst the three top occupational health diseases within the mines in Zambia. One’s occupation is widespread risk factor, the strong evidence linking it to a significant health outcome loss. In Zambia any employee diagnosed with Noise induced Hearing Loss restricted to low noise level working areas and or is medically discharged from the Mining Sector if an alternative place of work cannot be found. It is therefore imperative that the factors responsible for Noise Induced hearing Loss are identified and make recommendations to reduce the impacts. A qualitative, phenome logical, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was applied in order to explore and describe the factors that contribute to noise induced hearing loss. A purposive and convenience sampling was used to select the participants in this study. Therefore, interviews, observation, documentation and virtual materials were used to collect data. Probing questions were asked to follow up, seek clarity and obtain more information through an interview guide. All the interviews were captured on a voice recorder and field notes were taken on observable behaviours. The following themes emerged: experiences and challenges faced by employees in the work environment, noise hazards and health employees, hearing protective device factors and management and leadership factors. The study reviewed that employees were faced with different challenges in their work environment. The challenges included the nonexistence of noise hazards, implementation of screening tests and maintenance and repair of faulty equipment. Such challenges were perceived to be some of the contributing factors NIHL at Chibuluma Mine Plc. The results of this study indicated that induced hearing loss was caused by a combination various contributing factor. Failure to apply the guidelines, polices and procedure from the department of mines resulted in employees developing noise induced hearing loss. The employees also reported that the employer takes time to repair broken protective hearing devices.

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