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Item Modelling Extreme Rainfall in Zambia using the Generalised Extreme Value Distribution(University of Lusaka, 2024) CHILUFYA, MwansaThis paper delves into modelling Zambia's monthly rainfall using extreme value theory. A survey of the literature is included in Chapter Two, outlining the development of extreme value modeling and highlighting its multidisciplinary applications. The empirical review examines extreme value theory (EVT) from global, regional, and local viewpoints, demonstrating its varied uses in different climatic conditions. The study methodology is described in Chapter Three, which uses a hybrid approach with an emphasis on the explorative design. For model specification, the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution was selected. The analysis is based on data from the Climate Change Knowledge Portal of the World Bank Group, covering the period from January 1901 to December 2021. Chapter Four explores the results of the data analysis making use of the summary statistics and descriptive statistics to see what the data looks like. The monthly rainfall data's stationarity is confirmed by the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test, which is an essential component of trustworthy time series modelling. After parameterizing the GEV distribution, diagnostic plots confirm that it is appropriate; the Fréchet type is found to be the best fit. Estimates of return levels and the likelihood of experiencing intense rainfall events augment the study's understanding.As thresholds are raised, the likelihood of excessive rainfall decreases, which is consistent with increased uncertainty in the prediction of more extreme storms. The trend of return levels is rising, suggesting that there may be more intense rains in the future even though the probabilities of these intense rains isn’t huge. Keywords: Extreme value theory, GEV distribution, Fréchet distribution, return levels, stationarity, climate change.Item Analyzing the Effects of changes in Mortality Rates on Life Insurance Pricing in Zambia: A Case Study of ZISC Life(University of Lusaka, 2024) NAMUTOWE, KaluziThis research delves into the intricate relationship between changing mortality rates and the pricing dynamics of life insurance premiums in Zambia. Focusing on the life insurance sector, specifically the impacts on policyholder premiums, the study aims to unravel how mortality rates, and external factors, including age and gender, influence the financial sustainability of life insurance products. The study's foundation lies in recognizing life insurance as a crucial financial safeguard against unforeseen circumstances, primarily the policyholder's death or incapacity. To contextualize the research, Zambia's insurance landscape is outlined, emphasizing the prevalence of two main types—General insurance and Life insurance—with a specific focus on the latter. The core problem addressed is the significant role that mortality rates play in determining life insurance premiums. Drawing parallels to a similar study conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, where rising mortality rates prompted life insurance companies to revise premiums, the research underscores the need for life insurance companies in Zambia to continuously monitor and adapt to changing mortality trends. Notably, the study highlights shift in mortality rates attributed to factors such as improvements in healthcare, climate change, geographical location, lifestyle changes, and diet, all of which are pivotal in shaping premium calculations. The study employs a case study approach, examining ZISC Life insurance company in Lusaka, Zambia. It explores the effects of changing mortality rates on life insurance pricing, drawing conclusions from the gathered data and offering insights into revenue trends, market share, growth patterns, mortality trends, pricing dynamics, and the correlation between mortality rates and premiums. The conclusions point towards the dominance of Whole Life Policies in one of the insurers, emphasizing the need for diversification in product offerings. Growth trends, despite a temporary decline during the pandemic, indicate a resilient market, encouraging insurance companies to adapt to evolving customer needs. Gender-specific mortality rates underscore the importance of gender-sensitive policy pricing, and the linkage between mortality rates and premiums emphasizes the necessity of accurate risk assessment. The research recommends a dynamic pricing strategy based on regular assessments, diversification of product offerings, enhanced customer education on premium determinants, adaptation to changing demographics, exploration of additional factors influencing premiums, and preparation for external factors. These recommendations, if incorporated into strategic planning, position insurance companies to navigate the evolving landscape successfully, fostering sustained growth and competitiveness.Item Exploring the Impact of Labour Force Variability on the Performance of the Health Insurance Industry in Lusaka(University of Lusaka, 2024) MUNDOPU, NawaThe purpose of this research was to look into the risk implications of the variability of the labour force on the performance of health insurance companies in Lusaka. As the city's economic landscape changes, it is critical to understand how the labour market conditions affect the performance of health insurance, as a result the accessibility and affordability of healthcare services for individuals and households. This study sought to shed light on the potential risks faced by insurers and policyholders in Lusaka by examining the relationship between employment, unemployment and health insurance performance. A mixed-methods approach was to be used to achieve this goal, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews (survey). Quantitative data was gathered from a variety of sources, including the Zambia Statistics Agency for demographic information and the National Health Insurance Management Authority (NHIMA) for health insurance contributions data and yearly performance. To identify relationships and the possible risk variables, these datasets were analysed statistically using techniques such as regression analysis and correlation tests. In addition, qualitative interviews with persons living within Kanyama constituency were carried out. The outcomes included a thorough understanding of the impact of employment and unemployment on health insurance performance in Kanyama constituency as it was observed that when there are more unemployed people in a community the less likely it is to find people with health insurance and vice versa. The data from NHIMA gave insights on how this can affect insurance companies which was evident in the yearly financial performance records as the reduction in the employed labour force coincided with reduction in contributions and reduced investment returns. The following recommendations were made inlight of the findings; The Kanyama Constituency's unemployment problems should be addressed in order to help people afford health insurance. The government and health insurance companies also need to be adaptable and take steps to promote economic resilience, as well as a review by the government of its policies to create an environment that is favourable to the growth of the health insurance industry in Lusaka.Item An Investigation on the Impact of the National Health Insurance Scheme on Healthcare in Lusaka Zambia(University of Lusaka, 2024) NG’OMBE, AbtonAn investigation of a five-year-old national healthcare system represents a comprehensive exploration into the dynamics, challenges, and potential improvements within a country's healthcare infrastructure. Such an endeavor is essential in understanding the long-term impact of healthcare policies on a population's health and well-being. Over the course of five years, researchers are expected to delve into various facets of the healthcare system, aiming to assess its effectiveness, accessibility, and efficiency. This extensive study would likely involve rigorous data collection, encompassing factors such as healthcare expenditure, the distribution of healthcare facilities, healthcare outcomes, and patient satisfaction. By analyzing this data, the study can identify areas in need of improvement, assess the impact of policy changes, and pinpoint disparities in healthcare access among different demographic groups. Furthermore, a 5-years of operation enables researchers to observe trends and developments over an extended period, such as the introduction of new medical technologies, changing disease patterns, and the evolving healthcare needs of the population. Ultimately, the findings of this study can inform evidence-based policy making, guiding the government and healthcare institutions in implementing reforms that enhance healthcare accessibility, affordability, and overall quality. The results may also shed light on innovative approaches to addressing public health challenges, ultimately contributing to the betterment of the nation's healthcare system and the well-being of its citizens.Item An Analysis of the Impact of Market Risk Management on the Solvency of Insurance Companies in Zambia: A Case Study of Professional Insurance Zambia(University of Lusaka, 2024) MUNGALA, AgatharThis research aims to analyze how the effective management of market risk impacts the solvency of insurance companies in Zambia. The principal goal of this research is to determine the relationship between an insurance company’s solvency status and the market risk management techniques employed by conducting a case study of Professional Insurance Zambia. In order to achieve comprehensive analysis, methodologies such as the Value at Risk Analysis are employed. This research employs a combination of quantitative analysis and case study methodology. Data on market risk management practices, solvency ratios, and financial performance metrics of Professional Insurance Zambia are collected through interview questionnaires and secondary data collected from the company’s official website. Multiple linear regression model is employed in the study (with the dependent variable being the solvency ratio and the independent variables being total assets, total liabilities and claim reserves) in order to determine the relationship between market risk management and insurance solvency. Furthermore, Value at Risk Analysis is used to estimate the maximum potential loss in the company’s portfolio in a given one year period. Additionally, an in-depth examination of the risk management strategies and models implemented by Professional Insurance Zambia is conducted through interview questions. The findings of this study reveal a positive significant correlation between effective market risk management practices and the solvency of insurance companies, particularly in the case of Professional Insurance Zambia. That is a proportionate increase in the amount of total assets held by the firm leads to a proportionate increase in the solvency ratio and consequently an increase in the total liabilities of the company leads to a decrease in the solvency ratio and vice versa. The results from the Value at Risk Analysis indicate that at 95% confidence level, the maximum potential loss to be experienced in a class of motor insurance policies within a year (one year period) is utmost 67.10% (0.6701). The analysis of risk mitigation strategies from the interviews carried out at the company highlights the importance of proactive risk management measures in reducing exposure to market risks and safeguarding solvency levels. In conclusion, this research underscores the critical role that market risk management plays in ensuring the solvency and financial stability of insurance companies like Professional Insurance Zambia. By implementing robust risk management strategies and models, insurers can better protect their portfolios against adverse market movements, thereby enhancing their overall solvency position and not only enable an increase in the contribution percentage to the total national GDP but also increase insurance credibility and trustworthiness. Therefore, this research will provide useful insights into improving risk management frameworks which will help sustain and maintain insurance solvency amidst changing market conditions.Item Factors affecting the growth of Individual Pension Schemes in Zambia(University of Lusaka, 2024) DUBE, Lisa WeziThe study's primary goal was to determine how fund governance, investment strategy, and operational efficacy affected pension systems' nationwide implementation. The study employed a descriptive research design. The study population for this study consisted of the 248 independent pension plans in Zambia that are mostly privately owned and compete with one another for members of the market. Sixty-three contribution managers were specially selected to respond to the surveys, and a total of 63 pension plans were selected at random. The numerical data was analysed with SPSS to produce tables, frequencies, and regression analysis. Microsoft Excel was utilised to produce the figures. The study's findings demonstrated that investing strategies significantly influence how rapidly pension plans grow. This implies that the expansion of individual pension systems is positively impacted by investment decisions. The findings also demonstrate that fund governance has a significant impact on the number of individual pension plans that grow in Zambia. It was shown that there is a strong correlation between operational effectiveness and the expansion of individual pension plans. It is suggested that the following rules be implemented in order to enhance the effectiveness of individual pension plans in light of the findings: they limit the size of the pension fund board, regulate investment policy, regulate compliance expenses, and regulate service provider performance monitoring. It is imperative that the PIA enhances its enforcement and compliance capacities to guarantee its ability to address new regulatory concerns in the present and the future. To encourage the sector's growth, investment regulations need to be revised. The pension business in Zambia is growing, but fund managers still need to identify and invest their money in securities that provide real returns. Key Terms: Fund governance, Investment strategy, Operational efficiency, Pension fundItem An Assessment of the Effects of Total Quality Management on Customer Satisfaction: A Case of United Beta Zambia(University of Lusaka, 2024) TEMBO, Anedy MofyaThis study delved into the dynamics of Total Quality Management (TQM) and its correlation with customer satisfaction within the operational landscape of United BETA Zambia LTD. Employing a mixed-method approach, data was gathered from employees across various departments to assess TQM familiarity, implementation levels, understanding, perceptions of customer satisfaction, and the perceived impact of TQM initiatives. The findings reveal a substantial level of familiarity with TQM among respondents, signifying a foundational understanding that could influence their contributions to quality management efforts. However, disparities emerged in the implementation of TQM practices, with varying levels reported across departments, highlighting potential challenges in achieving uniform integration and execution. Aligned with Expectancy-Disconfirmation Theory, diverse perceptions regarding customer satisfaction levels were evident. While a majority perceived satisfaction as 'High,' a significant proportion had 'Moderate' or 'Low' assessments, emphasizing varied experiences and evaluations of the organization's performance. Moreover, the majority expressed a belief in the positive impact of TQM on customer satisfaction. Nonetheless, a minority held neutral or negative views, indicating areas warranting attention within TQM practices. The overwhelming recognition of customer satisfaction's paramount importance underscores a strategic focus on customer-centric approaches. However, differing levels of engagement in continuous improvement efforts reveal varying commitments across departments, underscoring the need for cohesive involvement to drive effective TQM practices. Recommendations include comprehensive TQM training, cross-departmental collaboration, a customer-centric TQM framework, leadership commitment, continuous improvement initiatives, regular assessment, encouragement of employee engagement, and adaptable feedback mechanisms. These findings and recommendations form a foundation for organizational introspection and strategic enhancement within United BETA Zambia LTD, aiming to align TQM practices more effectively with customer satisfaction objectives, fostering a culture of continuous improvement and customer-centricity.Item Investigating the factors influencing the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lusaka: A Case of Kabwata(University of Lusaka, 2024) MALUFU, HerbertThe study sought to establish the factors affecting the growth of small and micro enterprises (SMEs) in Kabwata Lusaka. The study employed a descriptive case study design to achieve the objectives. The target population under study was the 30 SMEs owners in Kabwata market. The study used a structured interview guide to collect the required data. And data was analyzed thematically. The data collected was coded, quantified and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants reported access to finance and lack of managerial skills experience as the key socio-economic factors affecting the growth of businesses in Lusaka. The other key factors that were found to affect SMEs are: access to business information, access to corruption, business location and government policy and regulations. The study concluded that access to finance and availability of managerial skills and experience are the key socio-economic factors affecting the growth of businesses in Lusaka district. These two have the potential of leading to improved business performance. The other key factors that were found to affect growth of micro and small enterprises in Lusaka district are: access to business information, government policy and regulations, corruption inflation rate, networking and collaboration.Item Exploring the Contribution of Microfinance to Poverty Reduction among women in Chongwe District: A Case of VisionFund Zambia(University of Lusaka, 2024) SUMBUKENI, MildredThis study aims to establish Vision Fund's MFI services for Chongwe women, investigate the sustainability of women's livelihoods, and assess challenges and successes in poverty reduction through microfinance services. The study adopted a quantitative methods approach and used a descriptive study design. The population of the study consisted of female loan recipients from Vision Fund Zambia residing in Chongwe district. The study used purposive sampling technique and data was collected using structured questionnaires. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between microfinance and poverty reduction among women in Chongwe district. The study found that Vision Fund provides diverse MFI services to women in Chongwe District, such as microcredit, financial literacy, savings, entrepreneurial training, community banking, technology use, and programs for healthcare and education. Women expressed high satisfaction, especially with microcredit and technology. Microfinance positively impacts women's livelihood sustainability, affecting income, business, confidence, savings, literacy, overall well-being, education access, and community development. Examining challenges and successes revealed positive aspects like saving, empowerment, community inclusion, flexible repayment, effective poverty reduction, community engagement, network establishment, and potential for long-term poverty reduction. The study recommended that: Vision Fund should continue and expand its successful microcredit services, leveraging the high satisfaction reported by women; there is need to enhance financial literacy programs to further empower clients in making informed financial decisions; there is need to address challenges related to community-based banking services to improve accessibility, especially in remote areas; and there is need to strengthen community engagement initiatives to address social issues related to poverty.Item An Investigation into the Challenges affecting Community Schools in Lusaka: A Case Study of Goodwill Community School in Kalingalinga(University of Lusaka, 2024) LUNGU, Margaret ShanonThis research sought to explore the challenges facing Good Will Community School in its operations. Specifically, the study sough to; ascertain how inadequate learning and teaching aids pose a challenge to the operations of Good Will Community School; determine the extent to which teacher qualifications pose a challenge to Good Will Community School and to; investigate the state of the infrastructure and how it poses a challenge to Good Will Community School. Goodwill Community school is in Kalingalinga, Lusaka and is home to over 500 pupils. The study was conducted at Good Will Community School. The research employed a mixed methods approach. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data from learners, teachers as well as the School Manager. The sample consistent of 83 learners, all the six teachers and the School Manager. A total of 74 questionnaires were brought back from learners which is correspondent to 89.16 per cent of the total response rate. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) as well as thematic analysis. The study concluded that Good Will Community School encountered numerous challenges in its operations, and this led to increased absenteeism among learners, high dropout rates as well as demotivation among both learners and teachers. Among the notable challenges encountered Good Will Community School were absence of a library, inadequate desks, inadequate teaching and learning aids, lack of enough trained teachers, leaking flushable toilets and old pit latrines, inadequate offices for teachers, overcrowding in classrooms and erratic water supply. These challenges collectively led to poor academic performances of pupils and consequently brought dissatisfaction among parents or guardians regarding the performance of community schools like Good Will Community School. As a result, the government in collaboration with relevant stakeholder like the Zambia Open Community Schools (ZOCS) and various teaching Colleges should work to ensure they reserve several places in teacher training colleges every year for qualifying community schoolteachers. Community schools should also engage in other income generating activities like chicken rearing, vegetable farming and other fund-raising ventures like art as a way of raising extra funds and reducing over dependence on ZOCS. Key words: Community schools; ChallengesItem An Investigation into Adoption of Electronic Banking by Customers in Zambia: A Case of ZANACO.(University of Lusaka, 2024) MUKONDE, ElinaThis research report explores the adoption of electronic banking by customers in Zambia, focusing specifically on the case of ZANACO (Zambia National Commercial Bank). The study aimed to investigate the determinants of electronic banking service acceptance and identify obstacles related to its implementation in the Zambian banking sector. A case study approach was employed, with a purposive sample of 100 ZANACO customers participating in the study. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using both statistical techniques and thematic analysis.The findings reveal various determinants influencing the implementation of electronic banking in Zambia, including customer perceptions of security and privacy, ease of use, convenience, trust in the banking system, technological infrastructure, and awareness of electronic banking services. Challenges such as limited internet connectivity, inadequate digital literacy, and customer resistance to change were also identified. The research provides strategic insights for ZANACO and other banks in Zambia to enhance the adoption and usage of electronic banking services. Recommendations include conducting awareness campaigns, improving digital literacy, enhancing security measures, and strengthening technological infrastructure. By addressing these findings, ZANACO and other banks can develop effective strategies to promote electronic banking and overcome customer adoption challenges in Zambia's banking sector.Item An Assessment of the Economic Practicality of the Export Market for Commercial Holder Pig Farmers in Chipata District(University of Lusaka, 2024) MICHELO, SimonThis study analyzed main objective factors that affect commercial holder pig farmers of Chipata district from increasing productivity level in pork production. A case study of commercial holder pig farmer. The study specifically set out to assess the factors affecting the farmers from increasing the level of production and export market for pig products. The research applied both the quantitative and qualitative approaches. 35 commercial holder pig farmers were selected to respond to the questionnaire. The quantitative data collected was analyzed using SPSS to generate frequencies and tables. And the figures were generated using Microsoft word. The findings reveal that the export market information factors are the primary factor that prevent the commercial holder pig farmers from increasing the level of pig production. 82% of the farmers responded that the current government regulations are worse compared to the other regulations. 18% of the respondents holds back to high quality level of feed and the cost of the feed quality and vaccines. Based on the finds, the recommendations are that the government must reform the regulatory framework to make it less difficult and less expensive for investors to participate in agricultural sector. Government must provide subsidies on feed, energy, vaccines and medicines for commercial holder pig farmers.Item Exploring the Effectiveness of Motivation as a means to enhance Employee Job Performance: A Case of Trade Kings Limited(University of Lusaka, 2024) LUNGO, GarvinThe study aimed to investigate the correlation between motivation and employee job performance at Trade Kings Limited. By delving into this relationship, the research sought to achieve several objectives, including identifying the various factors influencing job performance, scrutinizing the motivational techniques employed, and analyzing the impacts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation at Trade Kings Limited. These objectives were supported by existing literature, such as the works of Jones & Brown (2020), Johnson (2018), and Brown & White (2021). To ensure a robust analysis, a sample size of 60 participants was determined using Yamane's formula (1967) 𝑛=𝑁(1+𝑁)𝑒2 . The sampling techniques employed included purposive sampling for managers and simple random sampling for employees, enhancing the study's representativeness (Mason,2002 and Kelly, 2010). Employing a descriptive research design enabled the exploration of variables' existence, prevalence, and relationships, aligning with the research goals (Neuman, 2014). Data collection involved semi-structured questionnaires, and analysis utilized both statistical tools like SPSS and thematic analysis techniques. The findings highlighted a significant influence of motivation on job performance at Trade Kings Limited. Notably, factors such as financial incentives, recognition, career advancement opportunities, and work-life balance measures emerged as key contributors to motivation and subsequently, job performance (Adams et al., 2020). Drawing from these results, the study recommended the adoption of performance-based incentive programs, emphasis on recognition, and initiatives promoting work-life balance to bolster motivation and job performance (Taylor, 2019). Ultimately, the research reinforced the importance of motivation in fostering a high-performance organizational culture, as elucidated by Clark & Roberts (2023).Item The Effect of Digital or Online Marketing on Finanacial Performance of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) in Zambia: A Case of Trade Kings(University of Lusaka, 2024) SHEBA, IllinoisThis study delves into the intricate relationship between digital marketing strategies and financial performance within the Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector in Zambia, with a focus on Trade Kings as a primary case study. In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and digital transformation, understanding the implications of digital marketing on business outcomes is paramount for organizational success.Employing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach, which includes surveys and thematic analysis of employee interviews, the research aims to illuminate the extent to which digital marketing is adopted, its impact on financial performance metrics, and the hurdles encountered during implementation. The findings underscore a pervasive adoption of digital marketing practices at Trade Kings, with a staggering 90% of employees affirming its utilization. Furthermore, the study reveals a nuanced spectrum of impact, with email marketing perceived by 42% of respondents as having no discernible effect, while influencer marketing garners a resounding 40% attribution of a very strong impact. Notably, challenges such as technical expertise gaps, budget constraints, and the ever-evolving digital landscape pose formidable barriers to effective digital marketing implementation. However, amidst these challenges, the study highlights the pivotal role of digital marketing in fostering heightened customer engagement, satisfaction, and the facilitation of global market access, all of which contribute significantly to bolstering overall financial performance. These insights shed light on the strategic imperatives surrounding digital marketing adoption and implementation, emphasizing its indispensable position in driving sustainable business growth and competitiveness in contemporary markets.Item Assessing the Factors that affect growth of Smalla and Medium Enterprise (SMEs) in the Manufacturing Sector: Case of MSMEs in Mongu(University of Lusaka, 2024) HABANENE, CheeloThis study aimed to identify the factors that affect the growth of manufacturing-based small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Mongu District of Zambia. The study used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods, including an illuminating overview approach, interviews, and surveys. The target population was all small-scale and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises, commercial banks, and major lending institutions in Mongu urban. Purposive and random sampling techniques was used to select participants. Data was gathered from banking institution interviews, responses to surveys, and past government initiatives. Data analysis involved both subjective and quantitative methods, including the SPSS. The results indicate that the majority of manufacturing-based SMEs in the Mongu District of Zambia are owned by males (64%), with 45% aged between 30-39 years. Moreover, the majority of respondents held secondary education (40%) and were married (60%). The findings highlight that the respondents were aware of various factors that affect the growth of their businesses, and 88% of them supported developing manufacturing SMEs by obtaining information. The majority of the respondents indicated that the business environment was unstable (80%) and the economic volatility was high (98%). In addition, 78% of the respondents faced challenges when obtaining loans, with lack of collateral (52%) being the main problem. The study also found that most MSMEs in the district required less than K150,000 as their startup capital. Finally, the study identified the managerial skills required for business growth, including managerial skills (52%), marketing skills (13%), technical skills (13%), and other skills (22%). Overall, the study results provide valuable insights that can be used by policymakers and stakeholders to promote the growth and development of manufacturing-based SMEs in the Mongu District of Zambia.Item The Impact of Internal Audit on Financial Reporting Quality: A Case Study on ZANACO Acacia Park(University of Lusaka, 2024) CHEWE, EmmanuelThis study evaluated the impact of internal audit function on financial reporting worth at ZANACO bank. The study was conducted in Lusaka Zambia at ZANACO bank which is located along Cairo road. The objective of this study was to determine the impact internal audit independence has on the quality of financial reporting quality as well as to determine the effectiveness of the internal controls systems and audit committee oversight in ensuring that the internal audit function contributes to enhancing financial reporting quality. The sample for the quantitative data analysis consisted of 25 respondents out of a chosen sample size of 25 respondents which was found by calculating 10% of 250 employees at ZANACO bank, presenting different age groups, gender, job positions, and employment lengths. The responders shared their perspectives on the influence of internal audit on financial reporting based off the objectives that were prepared in the study. From the 25 respondents selected for the study only 22 answered this gave a response rate of 88%.The data were analysed in tabular forms to present frequencies in percentage form. The result of this investigation was that internal audit has a positive impact on the worth of financial reporting at ZANACO bank. However, some responders expressed perceptions of limited impact of internal audit on the quality of financial reporting in certain areas such as ZANACO bank’s audit committee oversight and their internal controls. This indicates the need for continuous improvement in these areas. The report provides useful insights into the role of the internal audit function at ZANACO Bank. The results provided for the bank to strengthen some significant of its areas such as the audit committee oversight and the internal controls of ZANACO bank. Overall this study contributes valuable insights into the role of internal audit at ZANACO bank. The results provide guidance for the bank to strengthen its governance practices and address areas that require improvement by implementing recommendations.Item Analyzing the Effectiveness of Auditors in detecting Misrepresentation in Non- Governmental Organisations in Zambia: A Case Study of JHPIEGO.(University of Lusaka, 2024) KAIRA, KhutomaNon-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have become an integral part of development efforts in developing countries like Zambia, where governments face many challenges and resource constraints. However, there have been concerns over the misrepresentation and misuse of funds by some NGOs, which has further fueled mistrust and skepticism towards NGOs. The study sought to analyze the effectiveness of auditors in detecting misrepresentation in non-governmental organizations in Zambia, using Jhpiego as a case study. The first specific objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of auditors in detecting misrepresentations, and the second specific objective sought to identify the challenges faced by auditors in detecting misrepresentations. The final specific objective was to provide recommendations for improving the effectiveness of auditors in detecting misrepresentations. The study used both qualitative and quantitative data in a mixed-methods research approach. A questionnaire was used to gather data that was both qualitative and quantitative. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that auditors in Zambia are perceived to be somewhat effective in detecting misrepresentation in non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The effectiveness of auditors in detecting misrepresentations in NGOs is influenced by factors such as expertise and experience in the unique operating environment and financial practices of NGOs. However, auditors face several challenges in detecting misrepresentation in NGOs. These challenges include limited access to financial records and documentation, inadequate technical capacity among auditors in auditing NGOs with complex programs and projects, lack of regulatory oversight and enforcement in the NGO sector, and cultural and language barriers when working with NGOs in remote or rural areas. The study suggests several recommendations to improve auditors' effectiveness in detecting misrepresentation in NGOs, including enhanced scrutiny and due diligence, specialized training for auditors, collaboration with NGOs, implementation of regulatory frameworks, and use of technological tools. Overall, while some responsibilities may be shared between different stakeholders, the ultimate responsibility for implementing the recommendations lies with auditors and audit firms, as they are the key players in the auditing process. Key Words: Misrepresentation, auditors, effectiveness, Non-governmental Organizations(NGOs).Item Analyzing the Impact of Unregulated Electronic Waste Disposal: A Case Study on Laptop Disposal at ZESCO Limited Head Office in Lusaka.(University of Lusaka, 2024) YALUSA, YvonneThis study scrutinized the electronic waste disposal practices at ZESCO Limited Head Office, revealing alarming trends that necessitate immediate attention. The prevalence of conventional disposal methods, particularly the substantial volume of laptops ending up in undesignated places, signals an urgent requirement for a fundamental shift in electronic waste management strategies. The alignment of these practices with global and regional challenges faced by developing nations underscores systemic issues inherent in unregulated disposal. Environmental and health implications, such as the potential for soil and water contamination and health risks for individuals involved in improper disposal, emphasize the critical need for structured and sustainable practices. ZESCO's current electronic waste management, characterized by unregulated disposal and limited recycling facilities, demands intervention. The absence of clear regulatory frameworks exacerbates these challenges, emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive policies to guide responsible e-waste management. This research underscored the urgency of reassessing and restructuring ZESCO Limited's electronic waste management practices to align with international standards, mitigate environmental and health risks, and promote responsible practices. Immediate action is imperative to address the regulatory gaps and ensure the organization's commitment to environmentally sustainable electronic waste management. .Item Examination on the Impact of Information Technology (IT) Adoption on Accounting Functions among Medium Enterprises in the Manufacturing Sector in Zambia(University of Lusaka, 2024) CHABINGA, HarrietThe study aimed to examine the impact of information technology (it) adoption on accounting functions among medium enterprises in the manufacturing sector in Zambia and the objectives made were: To ascertain the effect of IT on the internal audit function in medium enterprises. To determine the relationship between IT and financial accounting in medium enterprises. To ascertain the risks associated with the adoption of IT in the accounting system of medium enterprises operating in the manufacturing sector. To examine the techniques that enables researchers to gather numerical data that may be utilized to test theories. The Research Approach used was quantitative research methodology. The study used a Correlational research design, and the population consisted of all medium-sized businesses that are currently operating in the manufacturing sector in Lusaka. The stratified random sampling technique was used with the aid of Slovin’s formula to gather a sample size of 296 MEs. The relationship between independent and dependent variables were shown using simple regression model below,𝑦=𝛽0+𝛽1𝑥+𝜖, The study concluded that if any assumptions are violated, it will take appropriate measures to correct them such as transforming data, removing outliers, adding or removing variables from the model. It also interprets and reports the results of the simple regression analysis by examining the output tables and charts. The study also looked at the ANOVA table to see the F-statistic and the p-value, which test the overall significance of the regression model. The study recommends that investing in adoption of IT for the accounting functions can improve their performance and quality, this can also help them compete with larger firms ensuring that they are aware of the potential risks that are associated with the adoption of IT. They should also conduct more research on IT adoption as it is evolving and dynamic as there are many gaps and challenges in the existing literature.Item The Role of Online Marketing in Creating Global Supply Chains to enhance Customer Service Provision and Attract Global Suppliers: A Case of Trade kings(University of Lusaka, 2024) NANYANGWE, Esnart ChitaluThe main objective of this study was to explore the Role of Online Marketing in Creating Global Supply Chains: A Case study of Trade kings. In order to meet this main objective, the researcher aimed at evaluating whether online marketing stimulates creation of superior global delivery channels for customer value at Trade kings; to determine whether online marketing leads to satisfaction, and loyalty customers at trade kings through global customer services provision and to establish the link between online marketing and attracting global suppliers of trade kings. This study employed the exploratory research design and the correlational research design to determine the degree of relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study was conducted within the context of qualitative and quantitative (mixed approach) survey of marketing information analysis. Data collection for primary data was done through the use of semi-structured questionnaires for respondents who were employees which were administered by the researcher and semi structured interviews for those in Management. Secondary information was obtained from the trade kings’ website and other publications by the ministry of commerce as well as journals. Data collected through the research instruments was organized, coded and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that the main roles of online marketing in global supply chains is that it helps to attract global suppliers with a correlation of 0.847, enhance global customer service provision with a correlation of 0.789 and makes a firm to have superior global delivery channels (correlation was highest 0.897). Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for the businesses to adopt technologies such as online marketing tools like email, social media and website aimed at stimulating global supply chain. The study further recommended the need for more collaborations between local firms, between government and the private sector as well as collaborations between local and international businesses especially those in nearby countries aimed at stimulating global supply chains. The study also recommends the need for more financial support from both the public and private sector stakeholders aimed at stimulating global supply chains.