PHD/DBA THESES
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Item Gender Based Violence against men in Zambia: The Ineffective Enforcement of The Anti-Gender Based Violence Act of 2011(University of Lusaka, 2025) CHINAMBU, Kamenji KafwiluDespite the enactment of the Anti-Based Violence Act of 2011 and other laws to curb genderbased violence, Zambia continues to experience alarming levels of gender-based violence. These include spouse battery, murder, sexual exploitation, rape, defilement, incest, forced prostitution, sexual harassment, sexual cleansing, early marriages and other forms of violence. In the first quarter of 2022 6,915 cases of Gender Based Violence were reported countrywide compared to 4,254 recorded in the first quarter of 2021 showing an increase of 2,661 cases translating to a 62.5%. The objectives of the study were to investigate causes of gender-based violence against men; to explore the provisions of the Anti- Gender based Violence Act of 2011 aimed at curbing GBVAM; to interrogate the causes of the ineffective enforcement of the Anti-genderbased violence Act of 2011 in curbing GBVAM. This study is useful to members of society, the government, non-governmental organisations, CSOs, the church, the international community, in short all stakeholders; as it unveils the reality of GBVAM which if taken seriously can contribute to the eradication of the GBV with the inclusion of all sexes, female and males respectively. The literature review was organized in such a way that it addresses the fundamental issues raised in the research questions and objectives such as the forms, causes, and consequences of female domestic violence against men. The theories employed were feminist, masculinity and social vs. biological theories. The research methodology employed in the study was the Socio-Legal Research or Study, which is an event where the science of law meets the science of society. The mixed research method was used; comprising qualitative and quantitative research methods. The study unfolded that the major Causes of the Ineffective Enforcement of the Anti-Gender Based violence Act of 2011 and Related Laws are Male Dominance in Heterosexual Relations; Withdrawal and Failure to prosecute some cases leads to Ineffective enforcement of the AntiGender Based Violence Act and related Laws; Patriarchy results in the ineffective enforcement of the Anti-Gender Based Violence Act and related laws and other legal challenges. The study recommends that the Government Must reform the Law on Gender-Based Violence; The Government through the Ministry of Chiefs Must Empower Traditional Leaders; The Government must intensify on gender roles sensitization; The Government must consider Alternative Measures to Address GBVAM; All stakeholders Must Support victims of GBVAM more and the Government Must Reform the Zambian Human Rights System. This thesis calls for and indeed opens up doors for future research on GBVAM in Zambia, as evident from the available literature that very few writers have directed their minds to writing on it as it is still a new occurrence. The researcher was of the view that future studies should contribute to scholarship on GBVAM in Zambia by embarking on the following equally important topics which are why empowered women are more prone to commit GBV against their partners; research on the relationship between poverty and GBV; why married women are also cheating on their husbands; to study the extent to which the law has failed to curb GBVAM and lastly, but not the least, why victims of GBVAM may not report to the police.Item Examining the Implementation of Sexuality and Reproductive Health Education among Adolescents in Selected Primary Schools of Zambia(2023) MUKONKA, RemmyThe study examined the implementation of sexuality and reproductive health among adolescents in selected primary schools in Zambia. The research employed a mixed method design and was undertaken in Lusaka, Kabwe, and Choma districts, targeting 700 adolescents aged 12 – 17 years. The findings demonstrate statistical evidence of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) implementation in schools with the support of the trained teachers, and this led to a reduction in teenage pregnancy and school dropout rate. Also revealed is that CSE is included in national examinations, though most teachers not yet trained do not integrate CSE in their teaching. The study noted the challenges including lack of proper guidelines to effectively implement CSE; lack of learning and teaching materials and insufficiently trained teachers. The study further reveals that key components like School Related Gender-Based Violence do not receive adequate attention, yet is one of the key pillars of CSE implementation. Another finding is a varying relationships between the influence played by culture and religion to the expected function of CSE trained teachers. The study recommends that effective integration of CSE should be coordinated within the Ministry of Education in collaboration with the Ministry of HealthItem The Impact of Election Expenditure on Agricultural Service Delivery in Zambia, 2000-2021: A Regressional Analysis(2023) SILIYA, DoraThe study analysed the relationship between public expenditure at the Electoral Commission of Zambia (ECZ) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA). The focus was on ECZ expenditure shifts in election and non-election years and their impact on service delivery components in agriculture. The question asked was whether election costs induced irreversible cyclical fiscal shocks that may have negatively impacted efficient service delivery in agriculture? Descriptive and Inferential statistics were applied to secondary time series data from 2000-2021. The study established a positive and significant impact of the expenditure at ECZ on Agriculture service delivery expenditure in both the short and long run. Agriculture had an erratic trend with highest expenditure in 2015 at 8.8% of national spending. A 1% increase in expenditure by the ECZ increased agriculture service delivery expenditure by 1.064% and 1.038% in the short and long run respectively. The study concludes that while the expenditure relationship between the ECZ and service delivery in agriculture was positive, the increases in agriculture service delivery were minimal and reduced in the long run. This appeared to go against the signalling mechanism of democratic elections in a country where the majority earned from agriculture. We called this phenomenon, failure of the functionality ‘burden on democracy’.Item Modelling Country Risk: A Comparative Study of the Botswana and Zambian Economies (1994-2018)(2022) MUWANDO, SimonThe study sought to establish annual country betas, identify possible determinants of country risk, assess the impact country risk drivers have on country risk, and establish short run and long run country risk model for Botswana and Zambia. The findings reveal that current account balance positively influences country risk for both countries, whereas beta, GDP Deflator and weighted short term interest rates negatively affect country risk of Botswana, beta, political stability and absence of violence negatively influence country risk of Zambia. The study therefore, concludes that Zambia is at high risk than Botswana because most of the estimated annual betas are bigger than that of Botswana even though the estimated annual betas of the two countries are smaller. The study recommends that the monetary and fiscal authorities of the two countries implement effective polices if country risk is to be managed.Item Alternative Dispute Resolution - The Role of Adjudicative Tribunals in Providing Speedy Adjudication: The Case of the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal of Zambia(2021) NG’ONA, SimonThe study assessed the performance of adjudicative tribunals, as a branch of Alternative Dispute Resolution ADR, in addressing the challenge of inundation and delay in the formal court system in Zambia, through making a case study of the Competition and Consumer Protection Tribunal CCPT. The study calculated the disposition times of published decisions of the CCPT from 2014 to 2017. The findings reveal that the average duration of disposal of cases was 11 months, a value significantly higher than the tribunals’ Key Performance Indicator target of 6 months. The study, however, notes that there has been a constant improvement in the duration of cases settled overtime. Also noted, is that ADR processes should be accountable to the court system and that any development which breeds unbridled preference for ADR has the potential to promote unhealthy competition with the courts. Thus, the study underwrites the oversight role of the Court on tribunal decisions through appeals.Item The Relative Impact of Petroleum Imports on Long Term National Debt. The Zambian Case (1980- 2019).(2022) CHIBWE, Joseph D.B.The study analyzed the relative impact of the Zambian petroleum imports on its national debt as a decomposed general macroeconomic process. The study established statistically significant long-run national debt-reducing effects resulting from petroleum imports, GDP, gross capital formation, and private consumption expenditures in both the dormant and expansive states of the model. Also revealed are statistically significant long-run national debt-increasing effects resulting from Government expenditures and national exports in both states of the model, with the non-petroleum imports being statistically insignificant and inconclusive. The research, therefore, recommends that; the Government and/or petroleum authorities seek cheaper sources of petroleum, curtail debt-increasing expenditures as well as promote gross capital formation to reinforce the debt-reducing economic multiplier effects for reduced national debt in the long run.Item Corporate Governance Attributes Affecting Firm Financial Performance in State-Owned Enterprises in Zambia: 2002 – 2017(2021) MUMBA, BrysonThe study's aim was to suggest solutions to the problem of weak corporate governance in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Zambia by proposing ideal elements of corporate governance that could be embraced in their operations. A concurrent mixed methods approach based on philosophical pragmatism, critical theory was used. The findings reveal that corporate governance attributes significantly affect the financial performance of SOEs in Zambia. Also revealed is that several corporate governance challenges in SOEs led to a lack of accountability and transparency and that overall, the SOEs had poor financial performance compared to that of companies listed on the Lusaka Securities Exchange. The study proposes solutions including; developing systems for enhanced board accountability and transparency, a competitive and transparent process for board recruitment based on individual merit not designated by position, and a reduction of the number of Government representatives on any SOE boards.Item Development of Risk Management Framework in Public-Private Partnership in Zambia: A Case of Hydropower Project Development Stage(2021) NSEFU, Michael KalumbuThe study developed a risk management framework and risk register for the Private Public Partnership at the project development stage for Energy Infrastructure – Hydro Power Projects. The study reveals that risk is inherent in the various components of the project development stage, with the planning stage bearing more risks. Also revealed is that risk allocation to project partners is based on knowledge and capacity to manage risks. However, allocating more risks to the private sector is not economically viable as the cost is greater on the public sector whenever projects are not completed on time or are abandoned. The misallocation of risks correlates with the main grounds of conflicts and disputes during construction and operation phases resulting in non-attainment of Value for Money and pitiable sustainability of projects. The study recommends the integration of a risk management culture at the project development stage and continuity of the agreements with the powers that be. Also ensuring a well implemented risk management framework that enhances project stakeholder’s relationship for reduced project risks.Item Impact of Oil Price Shocks on Economic Growth and Financial Markets: The Case of The Zambian Economy.(2022) CHUNDAMA, Stephen ZThe study investigated the impact of decomposed oil price shocks on Zambia’s real aggregate output, its components, and financial markets. A Structural Vector Autoregressive Model was used for short-run analysis and Vector Error Correction Model for long-run analysis. The findings reveal that both global aggregate and oil-specific demand had a significantly positive contemporaneous effect on government spending and real Gross Domestic Product due to financial contagion and volatility spillovers between the oil and copper markets. Also revealed is that oil-specific demand had a positive effect on imports due to the inelasticity of oil demand and wealth-transfer effects which cause increases in the import bill. The oil supply shocks affect government spending, while global aggregate demand was found to have a significantly positive impact on GDP due to welfare gains caused by higher copper prices and FDI in the Mining sector. The study concludes that the impact of decomposed oil price shocks on the Zambian economy varies between the short and long-run as they impact macroeconomic variables differently.Item Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Ethics of War in The Zambia Army: A Mixed Methods Study(2022) SIKAZWE, William M.The study investigated the knowledge levels of ethics of war by the officers and soldiers of the Zambia Army, their attitudes towards ethics of war and how they practice these ethics of war during operations of war. The study was premised on the Just War Theory, and assessed the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The findings reveal that the majority of the officers are well acquainted with the knowledge of ethics of war. Overall, the attitudes of the officers and soldiers towards the ethics of war were positive. Principally, the ethics of war are widely accepted, supported, considered beneficial and are upheld by both the officers and soldiers during their operations. The study conclude that both the officers and soldiers practice the ethics of war extensively and regularly during both local and international operations.