Quality Management Focus: Evaluating Turbidity's Impact on Water Quality in Distribution Projects in Zambia. A Case Study of Northwestern Water Supply and Sanitation Company Limited

Abstract

The quality management focus in the evaluation of turbidity's impact on water quality in distribution projects in Zambia through this study, investigated the turbidity challenges with a concentration on North Western Water Supply and Sanitation Company Limited (NWWSSCL). The objectives of the study were; to identify root causes of high turbidity in NWWSSCL's water distribution system during rainy seasons within 6 months; to assess turbidity's impact on water quality and public health, measuring against WHO standards (≤5 NTU) and to develop strategies to reduce turbidity and ensure 99% water supply availability during rainy seasons within 12 months. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data that was gathered through field observations, water sampling, and questionaries distributed to thirty key stakeholders. To ensure the accuracy and consistency of the data, this study employed reliability and validity measures. A comprehensive review of existing literature identified current knowledge gaps, while field measurements and surveys gathered data on turbidity levels, water quality parameters, and stakeholder perceptions. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to examine the relationships between the variables. Turbidity, a critical water quality parameter, poses a challenge to the NWWSSCL water process and treatment plant and is attributed to anthropogenic activities, including soil erosion, runoffs from urban surfaces, agricultural practices along the riverbanks. Suspended solids habour pathogens like protozoa, bacteria and viruses which could cause diseases when ingested or in contact with the skin. This had since affected the social- economic image of the utility company. Due to rapid population growth, the water treatment infrastructure needed upgrading to meet the increasing demand for potable water thereby ensuring a water supply reliability. This research aimed to provide valuable insights for water utility managers, policymakers, and researchers seeking innovative solutions to address turbidity challenges. Keywords: Turbidity, Rainy season, Water quality, Water distribution