An Assessment of the Role of Civil Society Organisations in Promoting Peaceful Assembly in Lusaka District (2020–2025)

Abstract

This study assessed the role of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in promoting peaceful assembly in Lusaka District between 2020 and 2025. While Zambia’s Constitution guarantees the right to peaceful assembly, the practical exercise of this right has continued to face legal, political, and institutional challenges, particularly within urban contexts. The study therefore sought to examine the activities undertaken by CSOs, stakeholder perceptions of their contributions, and the challenges that affect their operations. Guided by Resource Mobilization Theory, the study adopted a case study design and employed a mixed-methods approach. Data were collected from twenty (20) purposively selected respondents comprising CSO representatives, government officials, and community members in Lusaka District. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews and document review, while analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that CSOs such as Chapter One Foundation, Caritas Zambia, SACCORD, and YALI play a supportive role in promoting peaceful assembly through civic education, legal advocacy, media engagement, and community training. Respondents reported that these activities have contributed to increased public awareness of peaceful assembly rights, enhanced citizen engagement, and improved dialogue between CSOs and state institutions. However, the study also found that CSO operations are constrained by restrictive legislation, particularly the Public Order Act, political interference, inadequate and unstable funding, and security-related concerns. The study concludes that CSOs contribute meaningfully to the promotion of peaceful assembly in Lusaka District, primarily through advocacy and facilitation, rather than through measurable policy or legal reform within the study period. The study recommends strengthened state civil society engagement, improved implementation of existing laws governing public assemblies, and enhanced resource mobilization for CSOs. These conclusions are drawn strictly from the evidence generated by the study.