An Assessment of the Adoption Rate of Alternative Energy Solutions Promoted by Development Partners: A Case of Chainda Compound, Lusaka

Abstract

This research assessed the adoption of alternative energy solutions (AES) advocated by development partners in Chainda Compound, Lusaka. The study explored household experiences and usage patterns concerning specific AES; the socio-economic, perceptual, and cultural factors that influence adoption decisions; and community perceptions regarding the promotional strategies implemented by development partners. Utilizing a mixed-methods framework within a descriptive cross-sectional case study design, the target population encompassed all households in Chainda Compound. A sample size of 100 households was determined, with 86 households successfully participating through simple random sampling techniques. Data collection was by semi structured questionnaires administered to households. Quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. The principal findings revealed that households predominantly engaged in energy stacking, opting for multiple energy sources such as bio-mass energy, fossil fuels and hydroelectricity concurrently, rather than fully transitioning to AES. There was prevalent dissatisfaction with the unreliability of national grid electricity service fueling interest in AES. Pay-as-you-go solar home systems were the most widely adopted AES. However, sustained adoption faced economic constraints such as low household incomes and substantial initial or maintenance costs. Additionally, a strong cultural inclination towards charcoal particularly for cooking and safety concerns regarding certain modern alternatives further hindered behavioral changes. While promotional strategies like door-to-door marketing effectively raised initial awareness, they proved less effective in mitigating post-adoption challenges, resulting in notable discontinuation rates associated with technical failures and financial hardships. In light of these findings, the study proposes several recommendations: development partners and policymakers should enhance local after-sales service and maintenance networks for AES; financing models ought to be diversified to better accommodate the irregular income patterns typical of low-income households; enforcement of product quality standards is essential for fostering consumer trust; and awareness campaigns should be tailored to specifically address cultural norms and safety perceptions related to clean cooking and energy use practices. Furthermore, it is advisable to integrate AES planning into broader urban development strategies for informal settlements and conduct longitudinal studies to gain insights into the long-term sustainability of adoption.