Investigating the Environmental Impact of the Sustainable Livestock Infrastructure Management Project (SLIMP) on Land Resources in Muchinga, Northern and Eastern Provinces

Abstract

The study assessed the environmental impact of the Sustainable Livestock Infrastructure Management Project (SLIMP) on land resources in Muchinga, Northern, and Eastern Provinces of Zambia. The primary objectives were to: assess the impact of SLIMP activities on soil health and fertility; evaluate the extent of land degradation resulting from SLIMP infrastructure; and examine the effect of SLIMP on vegetation cover and plant biodiversity. A mixed-methods research approach was adopted, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data. The research employed an exploratory and experimental design, with a sample of 285 livestock farmers selected through stratified and purposive sampling. Data was collected using soil sample analysis and vegetation samples, questionnaires, key informant interviews, and direct observations. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, with statistical methods including descriptive statistics and findings presented in frequency tables, while qualitative data was analyzed through thematic analysis. Findings revealed that 65% of respondents reported improvements in soil health and fertility, attributed to SLIMP’s soil management practices. However, 18% raised concerns about soil compaction due to heavy machinery. Regarding land degradation, 72% reported minimal impact, although 28% in areas near infrastructure development observed significant soil erosion, with an average erosion severity score of 3.8/5. In terms of vegetation cover, 50% of respondents noted positive effects, while 38% reported a decline in plant biodiversity, especially due to overgrazing. The study concluded that SLIMP had a generally positive impact on soil health and vegetation, although challenges such as soil compaction, erosion, and biodiversity loss persisted. Recommendations included: enhancing grazing management practices, strengthening land restoration efforts, and increasing training for local farmers to sustain and amplify SLIMP’s positive environmental outcomes.