Knowledge Management in Project Based Organisations. A Case Study in Lusaka, Zambia

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of Knowledge Management (KM) practices in project based organisations with a focus on two Zambian organisations: ZADMIFO and Zambezi Drone Solutions. The research addresses the critical role of KM in enhancing project performance, particularly in resource constrained environments. Using a qualitative, multiple case study approach and the study explores the KM processes, tools, challenges and their impact on project outcomes. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations, involving 17 participants and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that while formalized KM practices, such as digital tools (e.g., cloud platforms, project management software) and knowledge-sharing sessions, improve knowledge transfer, their inconsistent application limits their effectiveness. Key challenges include resistance to change, resource constraints, high staff turnover and inadequate digital infrastructure. Leadership involvement in KM initiatives was found to be irregular, hindering the development of a knowledge-sharing culture. Despite these challenges, the study highlights the positive impact of KM on project performance, particularly through improved decision-making, innovation and collaboration. The study recommends strengthening leadership commitment to KM, investing in user friendly digital infrastructure and implementing mentorship programs and structured documentation to address staff turnover and knowledge retention. A risk management framework is proposed to ensure the sustainability of KM initiatives. These recommendations provide a roadmap for project-based organizations to enhance KM practices, improve project outcomes and foster long term organizational growth. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on KM, particularly in developing contexts like Zambia, by offering practical insights and strategies for overcoming KM challenges and leveraging knowledge as a strategic asset