Assessing the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility Programs by Kansanshi and Kalumbila Mines on the wellbeing of surrounding communities in Zambia’s Northwestern Province

Abstract

This research assessed the impacts of CSR programs undertaken by Kansanshi and Kalumbila mines on the well-being of surrounding communities in Zambia’s Northwestern Province. A sample size of 100 was used from the estimated population of 332,623 and 177,067 for Solwezi and Kalumbila districts respectively, according to the Census of Population and Housing conducted in 2022 in the Republic of Zambia. Findings show the major CSR activities were health (21%), education (20%), infrastructure (20%), environment (19%), and culture (20%). The mean perceived CSR effectiveness rating was 3.08 out of 5, indicating moderate perceived impacts. The mean community satisfaction rating was 3.16. Of the respondents, 71% reported health improvements from CSR, while the mean employment rate was 61%. The average annual CSR investment was K690 million. In interviews, critical benefits highlighted were increased infrastructure and service access. However, flaws cited included unequal distribution, environmental damage, and risks of dependency on company patronage. Recommendations focused on transparency, participatory needs-based planning, community oversight boards, sustained funding commitments and capacity building. Quantitative analysis revealed a positive correlation (r=0.69) between CSR investment and perceived effectiveness. The mean effectiveness rating was highest for infrastructure (4.1) and lowest for environment (2.3) projects. ANOVA showed significant differences across CSR activity types. Education CSR offered a 35% higher mean effectiveness rating in communities with over 50% youth. Triangulation surfaced convergence around infrastructure, health and economic CSR benefits but divergence on distribution, sustainability and self-reliance risks. Critical implications are that CSR alignment with articulated community needs and participatory planning may enhance outcomes. Further research on CSR impacts and reforms is warranted. Keywords: corporate social responsibility, extractive industries, community development, participatory development, corporate accountability.