Browsing by Author "PHIRI, David Chifundo"

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    An Assessment of the Legal and Regulatory Frameworks for Battery Energy Storage Systems in Zambia and their readiness for Changing Power System Requirements
    (2026) PHIRI, David Chifundo
    Energy deficiency is becoming a global challenge. This challenge has arisen as a result of many factors and these primarily border on the rapid growth in the global population. Increased population has come with modernisation and industrialisation leading to over exploitation of fossil energy resources and adverse alteration of the environment. To mitigate this challenge, there is a general trend to transition from legacy energy generation sources to renewable energy technologies. The transition has also been spurred by behavioural changes in consumers, decision makers, entrepreneurs, and governments. In the case of Zambia, ambitious policy and regulatory shifts have been pronounced in Zambia as part of the measures to promote renewable energy integration in the wake of the power deficit the country has suffered arising from climate changes. Government measures that have been implemented include the open access regime for electricity which enable all sector players to access to the transmission and distribution grid without restrictions deregulation of renewable energy resources with installed capacity of 5 MW and below, the net metering framework which allows consumers to generate their own electricity from renewable sources and offset their consumption from the electricity grid, enactment of the Electricity Act and the Energy Regulation Act, the introduction of the Ministry of Green Economy and Environment which is responsible for biosafety, climate change, environmental protection, renewable energy, and green industrial policy. Despite all these efforts by the Government of Zambia, there has been no deployment of utility scale energy storage systems across the country. One of the reasons that can be cited would be the lack of a clear legal and regulatory framework that, firstly, prescribes the deployment of such utility energy storage systems and, secondly, protects the investments directed towards such systems. This study sought to delve into the legal and regulatory frameworks for electricity storage technologies in Zambia and their readiness for changing power system requirements.