SIMUNYOLA, Namukale2026-07-032026https://research.unilus.ac.zm/handle/123456789/706Bachelor of Laws - Research ReportGender equality remains a major challenge in Zambia despite the enactment of the Gender Equity and Equality Act No. 22 of 2015, which empowers the Minister and the Gender Equity and Equality Commission to issue directives, monitor compliance, and enforce gender equity standards. This study critically assessed how effective these ministerial directives and compliance mechanisms have been in promoting gender equality in Zambia. It examined whether the powers given under Sections 47–50 of the Act are being fully used to ensure fair treatment between men and women in public and private institutions. The study found that while Zambia has a strong legal framework supported by international and regional instruments such as CEDAW, the Maputo Protocol, and the SADC Protocol, the actual enforcement of gender equality laws remains weak. Limited institutional capacity, inadequate funding, and cultural barriers continue to hinder progress. By comparing Zambia’s experience with that of Uganda, South Africa, and Kenya, the research shows that effective gender equality systems depend on independent enforcement bodies, measurable accountability tools, and strong public participation. The findings revealed that Zambia’s reliance on ministerial control and lack of consistent penalties for non-compliance have made gender equality goals more symbolic than practical. The study recommended strengthening the Gender Commission’s independence, enforcing penalties under Section 48(4), and adopting measurable tools like gender budgeting and equality plans. Ultimately, the research aims to support more effective implementation of the Act and promote real, lasting gender equality in Zambia.enThesis